5.0 E

5.1 eager...
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eager adj. avid, zealous, ardent, earnest, keen, enthusiastic, hot,
hungry, fervent, fervid, passionate, spirited, inspirited,
energetic, energized, vehement, animated, excited, vitalized,
stimulated; desirous, yearning, desiring, craving, wanting,
longing, itchy, impatient; anxious; Colloq dying, Slang US hot
to trot: We were particularly eager to spend our holiday in
Spain.


eagerness n. 1 avidity, zeal, earnestness, keenness, enthusiasm, fervour,
hunger, vehemence, animation, vitality, appetite, zest, relish,
spirit, spiritedness, gusto, verve, dash, ‚lan, vim, vigour,
energy, Colloq get-up-and-go, zip, go: Such eagerness for
learning is rare. In his eagerness to please everyone he
satisfies no one. 2 desire, longing, wishing, yearning: He
observed the eagerness, the open hunger, with which she now
waited for Mr Browning.


eagle-eyed
adj. sharp-eyed, sharp-sighted, keen-eyed, keen-sighted,
lynx-eyed, hawk-eyed; perceptive, perspicacious, discerning,
sharp, watchful, alert: It would be impossible to deceive our
eagle-eyed supervisor.


ear n. 1 attention, heed, notice, regard, consideration: See if
you can get his ear for a moment between meetings. 2
sensitivity, appreciation, taste, discrimination: She has an

excellent ear for the right expression.

early adv. 1 beforehand, ahead (of time), prematurely: I arrived too
early and had to wait. 2 anciently, initially, originally, at
or near the start or beginning: Plants appeared early in the
development of life forms on earth. 3 betimes, at cock crow or
cock's-crow, at (the crack or break of) dawn, at daybreak:
You're up early this morning!


--adj. 4 untimely, premature; inopportune, inappropriate: The
early fruit isn't as sweet. 5 initial, beginning, original,
first, pioneer, advanced: He was one of the earliest writers on
the subject. 6 primeval, primitive, primordial, ancient, old,
prehistoric, antediluvian, original; antique, antiquated: The
Olduvai Gorge has yielded up many early humanoid fossils.

earn v. 1 merit, deserve, be worthy of, be entitled to, win,
warrant, rate, qualify for, have a claim or right to: Peter has
earned everyone's respect. 2 make, pocket, gross, net, clear,
realize, receive, get, procure, collect, reap, bring in, take
home; draw, Colloq US pull down: It is still the case that most
men earn more than their wives.

earnest adj. 1 serious, solemn, grave, sober, intense, steady,
resolute, resolved, firm, determined, assiduous, sincere,
dedicated, committed, devoted, thoughtful: He made an earnest
promise to do his best. 2 zealous, ardent, diligent, assiduous,
industrious, hard-working, devoted, eager, conscientious, keen,
fervent, fervid, enthusiastic, passionate: Burbridge is an
earnest pupil. 3 earnest-money. deposit, down payment, binder,
handsel, guarantee, security, pledge: The company paid œ10,000
earnest-money to secure the bid.

--n. 4 in earnest. serious, sincere: She said she would come,
but I doubt whether she was in earnest.

earnings n.pl. wages, salary, income, compensation, pay, stipend,
emolument, proceeds, return, revenue, yield, takings, Slang
take: The interest from tax-free bonds was not included in my
earnings.

earth n. 1 globe, mother earth, planet, world, blue planet, Terra:
Ozone depletion in the upper atmosphere may be threatening life

on earth. 2 soil, dirt, loam, sod, clay, turf, ground, mould:
Pack the earth firmly around the roots.

earthly adj. 1 terrestrial, terrene, telluric: Extraterrestrial beings
might be unable to survive in our earthly atmosphere. 2 worldly,
mundane, material, materialistic, physical, non-spiritual,
sensual, carnal, fleshly, corporeal, base, natural: He has
forsaken earthly pleasures in favour of spiritual pursuits. 3
human, temporal, secular, profane, mortal, physical,
non-spiritual, material: His earthly remains were committed to
the sea. 4 conceivable, imaginable, feasible, possible: What
earthly reason could she have had for kissing me?

earthy adj. ribald, bawdy, unrefined, coarse, crude, shameless,
wanton, uninhibited, abandoned, vulgar, lusty, rough, dirty,
indecent, obscene: She found Henry Miller's books a bit too
earthy for her tastes.

ease n. 1 comfort, repose, well-being, relaxation, leisure, rest,
contentment, calmness, tranquillity, serenity, peacefulness,
peace, peace and quiet: After 50 years of hard work, she felt
entitled to a few years of ease. 2 easiness, simplicity,
facility, effortlessness, adeptness: He passed the other
runners with ease. 3 affluence, wealth, prosperity, luxury,
opulence, abundance, plenty: He has always led a life of ease,
never having had to work. 4 naturalness, informality,
unaffectedness, ingenuousness, casualness, artlessness,
insouciance, nonchalance, aplomb; unconcern: I admire the ease
with which she converses with complete strangers.


--v. 5 comfort, relax, calm, tranquillize, quieten, still,
pacify, soothe, disburden: It eased his mind to learn that
there was a reserve budget for emergencies. 6 lessen, diminish,
abate, mitigate, reduce, decrease, allay, alleviate, assuage,
mollify, appease, palliate, quiet, relieve: Her anxiety was
considerably eased by the news that John would not need an
operation after all. 7 manoeuvre, manipulate, inch, guide,
steer, slip: The helmsman eased the ship into dock. 8
facilitate, expedite, simplify, smooth, further, clear, assist,
aid, advance, forward, help: Having a wealthy father eased her
way in life.

easily adv. 1 smoothly, effortlessly, readily, simply, handily,

without a hitch, hands down, without even trying, comfortably,
with no or without difficulty, Colloq easy as pie: You can
easily tackle the job yourself. 2 by far, beyond or without
doubt or question, indisputably, indubitably, undoubtedly,
doubtless(ly), unquestionably, clearly, far and away,
definitely, definitively, conclusively, certainly, surely,
undeniably, obviously, patently: He is easily the best lawyer
in the firm. 3 probably, most or very likely, well, almost
certainly: We may easily be the first in Hampton to have
plaster flamingos on the lawn.

easy adj. 1 simple, effortless, plain, clear, straightforward, hands
down, uncomplicated, elementary, foolproof; easy as pie, easy as
can be: Feeding goldfish is an easy job that children can
undertake for themselves. 2 carefree, easygoing, casual,
lenient, undemanding, relaxed, quiet, serene, restful, tranquil,
peaceful, untroubled, undisturbed, unoppressive, gentle, mild,
calm, comfortable, cosy, unhurried, leisurely: He has a pretty
easy life now that he's retired. 3 light, lenient, undemanding,
mild, flexible, indulgent, tolerant: You really should be easy
on him after what he's been through. 4 tractable, pliant,
docile, compliant, submissive, acquiescent, amenable,
accommodating, soft, suggestible, credulous, trusting, weak,
easygoing: He was an easy victim for confidence tricksters. She
has the reputation of being a woman of easy virtue. 5
unstrained, gentle, moderate, unhurried, leisurely, even,
steady, undemanding, comfortable, unexacting: They kept up an
easy pace of about five miles a hour. 6 affable, friendly,
amiable, amicable, agreeable, outgoing, informal, unceremonious,
down-to-earth, unreserved, relaxing, natural, relaxed,
easygoing: We found them easy to be with.

--adv. 7 effortlessly; calmly, unexcitedly, temperately,
peacefully, tranquilly, serenely, nonchalantly, casually: Take
it easy and don't get so worked up about things.

easygoing adj. relaxed, casual, mellow, carefree, undemanding, easy,
even-tempered, forbearing, lenient, tolerant, permissive,
over-tolerant, over-permissive, lax, weak, Colloq wishy-washy,
laid-back: He's an easygoing sort of person.

eat v. dine, lunch, breakfast, sup, break bread, snack, have a
bite; consume, devour, take (in) nourishment, Colloq put or pack

away, Slang nosh, put or tie on the nosebag or US and Canadian
feed-bag: I'm not hungry, thank you: I've already eaten.

eavesdrop v. listen in, tap, overhear, snoop; spy, pry: They were
eavesdropping on our conversation, that's how they knew about
Martha.

5.2 ebb...
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ebb v. 1 recede, flow back, subside, go out, go down; fall back or
away, retreat, retrocede, retire: The tide ebbed, leaving the
boat stranded. 2 decline, flag, decay, wane, diminish,
decrease, drop, slacken, fade (away), drain (away), dwindle,
peter out, waste (away), deteriorate: His enthusiasm for
exercise is beginning to ebb.

--n. 3 low tide, low water, ebb tide, low point: The rocks
appear when the sea is at its ebb. 4 decline, decay, decrease,
diminution, wane, drop, slackening (off), dwindling, lessening,
deterioration, degeneration: She was no longer willing to
contend with the ebb and flow of his temper.


ebullient adj. bubbling, overflowing, effervescent, excited, effusive,
exhilarated, elated, buoyant, exuberant, enthusiastic, zestful:
The crowd was ebullient at the news from Mafeking.

5.3 eccentric...
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eccentric adj. 1 unconventional, unusual, uncommon, idiosyncratic,
anomalous, unorthodox, out of the ordinary, irregular, atypical,
incongruous, errant, aberrant, exceptional, individual,
singular, unique; abnormal, odd, peculiar, strange, curious,
bizarre, outlandish, queer, quaint, quirky, weird, offbeat,
Colloq far-out, kinky, cranky: Yes, I would agree that walking
a canary is a bit eccentric.


--n. 2 original, individualist, nonconformist, queer fellow,
odd fish, Colloq character, card, freak, (nut) case, crank,
oddball, weirdo or weirdie, US oner: In today's conformist

society, anyone who isn't a carbon copy of his neighbour is
regarded as an eccentric.

eccentricity
n. 1 unconventionality, unusualness, uncommonness,
irregularity, nonconformity, individuality, individualism,
singularity, uniqueness, strangeness, oddness, bizarreness,
distinctiveness, capriciousness, weirdness: Why should someone
be criticized for eccentricity? 2 idiosyncrasy, quirk,
peculiarity, mannerism, crotchet, aberration, anomaly, oddity,
curiosity, caprice: Eating crackers in bed is only one of her
eccentricities.

echo n. 1 reverberation, repercussion, repetition, iteration,
reiteration: The echo of the church bells could be heard
throughout the valley. 2 imitation, copy, replica or
replication, duplication, reproduction, simulation, facsimile;
reflection, mirror image, repetition: Modern Rome is but a
feeble echo of its glorious past.


--v. 3 resound, reverberate, ring: The hall echoed with
children's laughter. 4 imitate, ape, parrot, mimic, copy,
duplicate, reproduce, simulate, repeat, emulate, mirror,
reflect: The poems are unoriginal and merely echo the works of
others.

eclipse v. 1 conceal, hide, blot out, obscure, block, veil, shroud,
cover, darken: A black cloud eclipsed the moon. 2 overshadow,
obscure, surpass, top, outshine: His career was eclipsed by his
wife's brilliant successes.

--n. 3 concealment, covering, hiding, blocking, blockage,
occultation, obscuring, obscuration, darkening, shading,
dimming: Though good may suffer an eclipse, it can never be
extinguished. 4 decline, downturn, slump; recession: After the
scandal, her career went into eclipse.

economic adj. 1 financial, fiscal, pecuniary, monetary, budgetary;
commercial, mercantile, trade: The economic indicators for July
affected the markets. 2 profitable, cost-effective,
money-making, remunerative, productive; solvent: Increased
demand for our products has made the company economic.

economical
adj. 1 cost-effective, money-saving, thrifty, unwasteful;
cheap, inexpensive, reasonable; economic: This car is very
economical to run. 2 provident, thrifty, sparing, economizing,
prudent, conservative, frugal; parsimonious, penurious, stingy,
cheap, miserly, niggardly, tight, close-fisted, tight-fisted,
mean, penny-pinching, scrimping: Aunt Gertrude was always a
very economical housekeeper.


economize v. save, cut back, husband, retrench; tighten one's belt, cut
corners or costs, scrimp, skimp, pinch pennies: Without the
extra income, we'll have to economize on something.

economy n. 1 thrift, husbandry, thriftiness, conservation,
conservatism, saving, restraint, control, frugality: We'll have
to exercise economy to get through the winter. 2 brevity,
briefness, succinctness, terseness, conciseness, concision,
compactness, restraint, curtness: He manages to get his ideas
across with an admirable economy of language.


ecstasy n. 1 delight, joy, rapture, bliss, transport, nympholepsy or
nympholepsia, happiness, gladness, elation, pleasure, enjoyment,
gratification; heaven on earth: The prospect of being with her
again filled me with ecstasy. 2 exaltation, frenzy, thrill,
elation, paroxysm, excitement: The ecstasy of space flight is
impossible to describe.

ecstatic adj. exhilarated, thrilled, exultant, blissful, euphoric,
rapturous, enraptured, nympholeptic, enchanted, transported,
rhapsodic, excited, elated, delighted, joyful, gleeful,
overjoyed, happy, glad, beside oneself, delirious, orgasmic,
Colloq on cloud nine, Brit over the moon, in the seventh heaven,
cock-a-hoop, US in seventh heaven, flying: Our team had won an
Olympic gold medal, and we were truly ecstatic.


5.4 eddy...
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eddy n. 1 swirl, whirl, vortex, gurgitation; whirlpool, maelstrom,
Charybdis; dust devil, whirlwind, twister, tornado, cyclone,
typhoon, hurricane; waterspout: These treacherous eddies are
caused by tidal changes.


--v. 2 swirl, whirl, turn, spin: The wind eddied round us,
driving the dinghy this way and that.


edge n. 1 brink, verge, border, side, rim, lip, brim; fringe,
margin, boundary, bound, limit, bourn, perimeter, periphery: I
was hanging on to the very edge of the cliff. The edge of the
handkerchief was trimmed with lace. 2 acuteness, sharpness,
keenness: That hunting knife has quite an edge. 3 harshness,
sharpness, acrimony, pungency, force, urgency, effectiveness,
incisiveness, causticity, virulence, vehemence: There was an
edge to her voice when she told me not to bother her. 4
advantage, head start, superiority, lead, upper hand: You're
holding the gun, so I guess you have the edge on me. 5 on edge.
on tenterhooks, nervous, touchy, sensitive, prickly, itchy,
tense, irascible, crabbed, irritable, peevish, apprehensive,
with one's heart in one's mouth, edgy, anxious, ill at ease,
restive, restless, fidgety, Colloq uptight, like a cat on a hot
tin roof: She was on edge waiting for the exam results.


--v. 6 inch, move, sidle, crawl, creep, steal, worm, work
(one's way): The burglar was edging along the wall, 30 storeys
above the street.


edible adj. eatable, esculent, palatable, good or fit (to eat),
wholesome, Rare comestible: After the sell-by date, fresh food
is no longer considered edible.

edification
n. enlightenment, improvement, uplifting, enlightening,
guidance, education, information, tuition, teaching, schooling,
instruction: The exhibition is designed for both edification
and enjoyment.


edit v. 1 redact, copy-edit, rewrite, rephrase, modify, alter,
adapt, change, revise, correct, emend, style, restyle, polish,
touch up: His job is to edit the stories into idiomatic
English. 2 Often, edit out. blue-pencil, cut (out), delete,
censor, erase, bleep, blip; bowdlerize, expurgate, clean up:
They edited out all his slanderous asides before broadcasting
the interview. 3 cut, condense, compress, shorten, crop, reduce:
The story has to be edited so that it fits on one page. 4
prepare, compile, assemble, select, arrange, organize, order,

reorganize, reorder: Margoliouth edited the collected letters
of Andrew Marvell.

edition n. number, issue, printing, print run; copy; version: The
first Monday edition carried the news of the break-in, and a
later edition reported the detention of a suspect.

editor n. rewrite man or woman, rewriter, copy editor, redactor,
reviser; writer, columnist, journalist, editorial writer, Brit
leader-writer; editor-in-chief, managing editor, senior editor;
compiler, collector: The editor sent the reporter out to check
the facts of the story.

editorial n. Brit leader, leading article; op-ed article, think-piece,
opinion piece, position statement; essay, article, column: Did
you see the editorial about the Middle East situation in today's
paper?

educate v. teach, train, instruct, edify, tutor, school, inform,
enlighten, indoctrinate, inculcate, coach, drill, prepare,
ready, rear, bring up, cultivate, develop, civilize: It is the
responsibility of the state to educate the people.

educated adj. 1 cultivated, cultured, erudite, well-read, lettered,
literary, scholarly, learned; (well-)informed, knowledgeable,
enlightened: There is no real evidence that educated people
enjoy greater job satisfaction than those who leave school at
16. I haven't got the answer, but I could make an educated
guess. 2 refined, polished, cultivated, civilized; discerning,
critical, sensitive: She has an educated palate and really
knows her wines.

education n. 1 teaching, schooling, training, instruction, tuition,
tutelage, edification, tutoring, cultivation, upbringing,
indoctrination, drilling: His education was in the hands of
monks until he was twelve. 2 learning, lore, knowledge,
information, erudition: Education is gained from the experience
of others. 3 lesson, course (of study): The inhabitants gave
her an education in how to survive in the wilderness.


educational
adj. 1 academic, scholastic, pedagogical, instructional: This
is one of the best educational centres in the world. 2

informative, instructive, enlightening, edifying, eye-opening,
revelatory, educative: A year spent abroad is always
educational.


5.5 eerie
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eerie adj. frightening, weird, strange, uncanny, ghostly, spectral,
dreadful, unearthly, frightful Poetic or Scots eldritch, Scots
mysterious, Colloq scary, creepy, spooky: I had the eeriest
feeling I was being watched.

5.6 effect...
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effect n. 1 result, consequence, outcome, conclusion, upshot,
aftermath, impact: The effects of the storm could be seen
everywhere. 2 effectiveness, efficacy, force, power, capacity,
potency, influence, impression, impact, Colloq clout, punch:
His threats had no effect. 3 significance, meaning,
signification, purport, sense, essence, drift, implication,
import, tenor, purpose, intent, intention, object, objective:
She said 'Get lost', or words to that effect. 4 impact,
impression, form, sensation: He didn't mean that, he just said
it for effect. 5 in effect. effectively, virtually, for (all)
practical purposes, so to speak, more or less; actually, in
(point of) fact, really, essentially, basically, at bottom, in
truth, truly, to all intents and purposes, at the end of the
day, any way you look at it: She always spoke of him as her
adopted son and this, in effect, was what he was. 6 take effect.
become operative or operational, come into force, begin or start
to work or function or operate: The regulation doesn't take
effect till next week.

--v. 7 bring about, cause, make happen or take place,
effectuate, achieve, accomplish, secure, obtain, make, execute,
carry out, produce, create: The opposition was unable to effect
any change in the law.

effective adj. 1 effectual, efficacious, productive; capable, useful,
serviceable, competent, operative, able, functional, efficient:

The effective life of the battery is six months. 2 impressive,
remarkable, noticeable, conspicuous, outstanding, striking,
powerful, compelling, moving, telling, effectual: The stage
setting was very effective. 3 operative, operational, in
operation, functioning, real, actual, essential, basic, true:
The monthly interest may seem low, but the effective annual rate
is much higher.

effects n.pl. belongings, (personal) property, gear, possessions,
stuff, things, paraphernalia, chattels, goods, Colloq junk,
crap, Brit clobber, Taboo slang US shit: His personal effects
were left scattered around the house.

effectual adj. 1 effective, efficacious, efficient, functional,
productive, useful, telling, influential, powerful, forcible,
forceful; capable, adequate: What is the most effectual way of
stopping a take-over of the company? 2 effective, in force,
legal, lawful, binding, sound, valid: You must register the
agreement for it to be effectual.


effectuate
v. bring about, effect, carry out, implement, accomplish, do,
execute, realize, achieve; cause, make happen: It is unclear
just how she will effectuate her escape.


effeminate
adj. unmanly, womanish, womanly, sissy, weak, campy; gay,
homosexual; Slang Brit bent, poncey, US limp-wristed, faggy,
faggoty: He's too effeminate to play the part of Othello.


effervescent
n. 1 bubbling, fizzy, carbonated, sparkling, fizzing, gassy;
foaming, foamy, frothing, frothy, bubbly: I prefer effervescent
mineral water to still. 2 bubbling, bubbly, high-spirited,
vivacious, ebullient, lively, exuberant, buoyant, animated,
lively, exhilarated, excited, enthusiastic, irrepressible:
Jeanette's effervescent personality endeared her to everyone who
met her.


efficacious
adj. effective, effectual, productive, competent, successful,
efficient, useful, serviceable; capable: He was not very
efficacious in getting the council to change their policy.


efficiency
n. 1 effectiveness, efficacy, competence, capability,
adeptness, proficiency, expertness, expertise, know-how,
experience, skill, skilfulness, dexterity, adroitness: The
efficiency of the staff has been greatly improved. 2
productivity, effectiveness, efficaciousness: How does the
efficiency of a diesel compare with that of other engines?


efficient adj. unwasteful, economic, thrifty; effective, efficacious,
effectual, competent, productive, proficient, operative: The
technique for producing electrical power from tidal action has
not yet proved efficient.


effort n. 1 exertion, striving, struggle, strain, labour, pains,
energy, toil, application, trouble, travail, work, Colloq
elbow-grease: He's gone to a lot of effort to please her.
Getting the place cleaned up took a great deal of effort. 2
attempt, endeavour, essay, try, venture, Colloq stab, crack:
Her efforts to be pleasant met with a stony response. 3
achievement, accomplishment, creation, feat, deed, attainment,
exploit: Last year's fund-raising fair was a superb effort.

effortless
adj. easy (as pie or as A, B, C, or as 1, 2, 3), simple,
painless, smooth, trouble-free, uncomplicated: She admired the
apparently effortless grace of the dancer.

effrontery
n. impertinence, impudence, audacity, nerve, presumption,
presumptuousness, brazenness, boldness, insolence, temerity,
brashness, rashness, arrogance, front, indiscretion, Archaic
frowardness, Colloq gall, brass, nerve, cheek, lip, mouth, Slang
Brit side: He had the effrontery to call her 'Queenie'!


effusive adj. demonstrative, gushing, (over)enthusiastic, unrestrained,
unchecked, unreserved, expansive, emotional, exuberant,
rhapsodic, ebullient, lavish, voluble, profuse; fulsome: Her
aunt greeted her with an effusive outpouring of affection.


5.7 egoistic...
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egoistic adj. egoistical, self-centred, egocentric, narcissistic,
self-seeking, self-absorbed, selfish, self-serving,
self-indulgent, self-important: She is too egoistic to consider
anyone but herself.

egotistical
adj. egotistic, conceited, proud, overweening, bragging,
boastful, boasting, swelled-headed or swell-headed or
swollen-headed, vain, vainglorious, self-worshipping,
self-admiring, vaunting, crowing: Considering his poor track
record, he has nothing to be so egotistical about.

5.8 eject...
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eject v. 1 force or drive out, expel, oust, remove, get rid of,
evict, Colloq throw or kick or boot out: They were ejected for
causing a disturbance. 2 expel, emit, throw up or out, spew
(forth), discharge, spout, disgorge, vomit (up or forth), send
out or forth; ooze, exude, extravasate: The volcano ejected
boulders the size of houses. 3 discharge, dismiss, cashier,
drum out, lay off, declare or make redundant, Colloq fire, sack,
boot out, axe, give the sack or boot or axe, give (someone) his
or her marching orders or US also walking papers, send packing:
He was ejected for stealing paper clips.

ejection n. 1 expulsion, casting out or up, disgorgement, vomiting
forth, throwing out or up, discharge, emission, disgorging: The
ejection of lava was preceded by loud rumblings. 2 exile,
expulsion, banishment, deportation, ouster, removal; eviction,
dispossession: His ejection from the meeting angered his
supporters. My ejection by the landlord was illegal. 3
dismissal, discharge, cong‚, cashiering, lay-off, Colloq firing,
sacking, Slang the sack, the boot, the axe, the (old) heave-ho,
US the bounce: Business was bad, and the entire staff was faced
with ejection.


5.9 elaborate...
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elaborate adj. 1 detailed, painstaking, meticulous, punctilious,
comprehensive, thorough, complete, exhaustive, intricate,
involved, minute, precise, exact: The escape had been worked
out in elaborate detail. 2 complicated, complex, convoluted,
ornate, fancy, Byzantine, laborious, laboured, extravagant,
showy; ornamented, decorated, baroque, rococo, busy, fussy,
gingerbread: We marvelled at the elaborate mosaics. His plan is
too elaborate and should be simplified.


--v. 3 ornament, decorate, complicate, embellish, garnish,
adorn: Later craftsmen elaborated the earlier Greek motifs. 4
enlarge, expand (upon or on), expatiate, develop, cultivate,
flesh out, enhance, refine, enrich, improve, better, ameliorate,
emend, polish: Later on, I shall elaborate on the recruitment
methods we used.

elaboration
n. 1 enhancement, refinement, enrichment, improvement,
amelioration, melioration, betterment; embellishment, adornment,
garnish, garnishment, decoration, over-decoration, gingerbread,
Slang bells and whistles: The customers always welcome
elaboration of the equipment. 2 enlargement, development,
amplification, expansion: The argument requires further
elaboration.


elapse v. pass (by), go (by), slip by or away, pass away, slide by,
glide by, transpire: Three weeks have elapsed since I last saw
her.


elastic adj. 1 flexible, stretchable, stretchy, stretch, bendable,
pliable, springy, plastic, extensile, extensible, expansible,
expandable, contractile, resilient, bouncy, compressible: Is it
elastic enough to stretch round that box? 2 adjustable,
adaptable, accommodating, flexible: The schedule for our main
project is elastic, so we can fit in additional tasks at very
short notice.

elasticity
n. 1 flexibility, resilience, rubberiness, plasticity,
ductility, springiness, stretchability, stretchiness, stretch,
suppleness, pliancy, Colloq give: Dry hair has no elasticity:
it's brittle and breaks easily when brushed or combed. 2
flexibility, adjustability, adaptability, tolerance, suppleness:

Their plan lacks the elasticity needed to accommodate changes.

elated adj. exhilarated, uplifted, elevated, gleeful, joyful,
jubilant, joyous, exultant, ecstatic, blissful, happy,
delighted, euphoric, overjoyed, excited, thrilled, transported,
pleased (as Punch), on top of the world, on cloud nine, Colloq
tickled, tickled pink, Brit chuffed, over the moon, in the
seventh heaven, US in seventh heaven: We were elated to learn
that our daughter had won first prize.


elder adj. 1 older, senior: My elder brother was born in 1930. 2
venerable, respected, (pre-)eminent; experienced, veteran:
Clemenceau was an elder statesman at the Geneva Convention.


--n. 3 senior, superior; patriarch, elder statesman, dean,
doyen or doyenne: Everyone paid great respect to the elders of
the tribe.

elderly adj. 1 old, past middle age, oldish, advanced in years, of
advanced age, along in years, grey, ageing, aged, venerable;
hoary, ancient, senescent, decrepit, superannuated; senile,
anile; Colloq over the hill, past it, long in the tooth, having
one foot in the grave, old-fogyish or old-fogeyish: Today, a
person isn't considered elderly till he's past 65.


--n. 2 the elderly. the retired, the old, senior citizens,
pensioners, O.A.P.'s, old-age pensioners, golden-agers, Colloq
old-timers, (old) geezers, (old) fogies or fogeys, Brit
wrinklies: The elderly constitute an increasingly large body of
voters.

elect v. 1 choose, select, pick, vote (for), determine, designate:
We must elect a new chairperson at the next meeting.


--adj. 2 chosen, elected, selected, picked out: The
president-elect takes office next month. 3 select, choice,
first-rate, first-class: An elect few make up the executive
committee.


election n. poll, vote, referendum, plebiscite; selection, choice,
choosing, nomination, designation, appointment; voting,
electing: They held an election and Michael lost. The election
of a new social secretary is required.


electioneer
v. campaign, canvass, support, back, promote: They are busy
electioneering for their candidate.


electric adj. charged, tense, energized, stimulating, exciting,
thrilling, galvanizing, electrifying, moving, stirring: As the
jury filed in, the atmosphere in the courtroom was electric.


electricity
n. excitement, verve, energy, tension, tenseness, fervency,
intensity, ardour; vibrations: I could feel the electricity
between us.


electrify v. 1 startle, shock, stun, jolt, stagger, astound, jar,
astonish, amaze: We were electrified by the news of the
disaster. 2 excite, galvanize, animate, move, rouse, stir,
stimulate, vitalize, fire, thrill, arouse: His fiery oratory
electrified the audience.


elegance n. 1 refinement, grace, tastefulness, good taste, gentility,
polish, courtliness, culture, politeness, politesse, propriety,
dignity: Where but in 18th-century France could one find such
elegance? 2 luxury, grandeur, luxuriousness, sumptuousness,
exquisiteness, splendour, beauty: The overwhelming elegance of
the palace took our breath away.

elegant adj. 1 tasteful, exquisite, handsome, beautiful, comely,
dapper, smart, well turned out; graceful, choice, superior,
fine, select, refined, delicate, discerning, artistic;
dignified, genteel, sophisticated, cultivated, polished, urbane,
Chesterfieldian, suave, soign‚(e), debonair, courtly, to the
manner born, well-bred, well-born, high-born: Desmond and
Elizabeth are such an elegant couple! 2 artistic, stylish,
modish, … la mode, chic, fashionable, Colloq in, with it: The
newly refurbished rooms are very elegant. 3 luxurious,
sumptuous, grand, opulent, plush, Colloq posh, swank, swanky,
ritzy, fancy: We stayed in a very elegant West End hotel. 4
apt, clever, ingenious, neat: What is needed is a more elegant
solution to the problem.

element n. 1 component, constituent, ingredient, essential,
fundamental, part, unit, piece, segment, feature, factor,

detail, particular: Each element was carefully designed with a
view to its place in the whole. 2 environment, atmosphere,
situation, locale, territory, sphere, habitat, medium, domain:
Ordway is really in his element at a party. 3 elements. a
(adverse or unfavourable) weather, climatic conditions: Stay
here tonight - there's no need to brave the elements. b
rudiments, basics, fundamentals, foundations, essentials,
principles: It was she who taught me the elements of flying a
helicopter.


elemental adj. basic, fundamental, primal, original, primordial,
primitive: Elemental religion focused on worship of the sun and
fertility.


elementary
adj. 1 simple, rudimentary, easy, straightforward,
uncomplicated, clear, understandable, plain: This is an
elementary mistake which most beginners make. 2 basic,
fundamental, primary, introductory, initial, beginning;
elemental: She received her elementary education in France.

elevated adj. 1 raised, upraised, uplifted, lifted (up): Only three
hands were elevated in opposition and the motion was carried. 2
uplifted, noble, lofty, high, grand, exalted, dignified,
eminent, pre-eminent, ennobled, prominent, notable, illustrious,
distinguished, imposing, impressive, sublime: He has rather
elevated notions of morality. 3 elated, cheerful, happy,
exhilarated, animated, joyful, glad: Her elevated spirits and
pleasant countenance make her a welcome guest.


elevation n. 1 altitude, height: The elevation of Denver, Colorado, is
one mile above sea level. 2 swelling, lump, wen, eminence,
prominence; hill, height, rise: From this elevation, you can
see seven counties. The doctor noticed a slight elevation in the
skin near the eye. 3 advancement, promotion, uplifting,
enhancement, advance: Since her elevation to the peerage, she
has had less time for local community work. 4 grandeur,
nobleness, loftiness, exaltation, sublimity, distinction,
dignity, refinement, cultivation: The elevation of his style
means that his work is not accessible to a mass readership.

elfin adj. 1 elvish, elfish, elf-like, impish, puckish, frolicsome,
sprightly, arch, playful, mischievous, tricky: I suppose she

has a certain elfin charm, but I don't like her. 2 small, wee,
diminutive, tiny, little, dainty, Lilliputian: This is a
delightful tale of elfin folk and magic birds.


elicit v. draw out, call forth, evoke, bring out or forth, bring to
light, extract, wring, wrest, wrench: They finally elicited the
fact that she had been lying about his whereabouts.

eligible adj. 1 fit, worthy, qualified, proper, suitable, appropriate,
fitting: Is he an eligible candidate for the post? 2 single,
unmarried, unwed, available: He is one of the few eligible
bachelors in the town.

eliminate v. 1 remove, exclude, rule out, reject, drop, leave out, omit:
Police have eliminated him from their enquiries. 2 take out or
away, omit, get rid of, dispose of, expel, knock out: He was
eliminated in the first heat of the 100-metre run. 3 erase,
eradicate, expunge, obliterate, strike (out), cross out or off,
cut (out), excise, delete, throw out, edit (out), blue-pencil,
cancel: The censors have eliminated all references to sex. 4
kill, murder, assassinate, slay, terminate, exterminate, dispose
of, liquidate, finish off, annihilate, stamp out, destroy, Slang
bump off, polish off, US rub out, take for a ride, bury, ice,
waste: They used a sub-machine gun to eliminate the
competition.

‚lite n. 1 elite, gentry, aristocracy, aristocrats, elect, upper
class, nobility, privileged class, blue bloods, crŠme de la
crŠme, haut monde, jet set, jet-setters, US Four Hundred,
F.F.V., First Families of Virginia, Colloq upper crust,
beautiful people, Brit nobs: The economic collapse had barely
touched the wealthy ‚lite.

--adj. 2 elite, aristocratic, elect, upper-class, privileged,
blue-blooded, noble, exclusive, choice, best, top: She
socializes with rather an ‚lite group of people.

elixir n. 1 panacea, cure-all, nostrum, wonder drug, miracle drug,
sovereign remedy: In the Middle Ages alchemists sought a
universal cure, an elixir. 2 essence, potion, extract,
tincture, compound, mixture: Ophidia's Elixir was the name of a
patent snake-oil medicine. 3 pith, core, kernel, heart,
essence, quintessence, principle, extract, base, basis, soul:

The elixir of life is wisdom and its mystic ingredient is not
knowledge but understanding.

eloquent adj. 1 expressive, articulate, silver-tongued, fluent,
well-spoken, effective, persuasive, convincing, cogent,
trenchant, incisive, graphic, vivid, striking, facile, smooth,
glib, oratorical, rhetorical: He was an eloquent speaker. He
rose and gave an eloquent speech. 2 suggestive, meaningful,
pregnant: His eyebrow was raised in eloquent scepticism.


elsewhere adv. somewhere else, to another place; in another place,
abroad, absent, away: She's not in the office so I assume she's
gone elsewhere. Elsewhere, winds have died down and temperatures
are slowly rising.


elude v. 1 evade, escape, avoid, dodge, slip away from, Colloq duck,
give the slip, shake off: The suspect has eluded the police for
a year. 2 evade, escape; baffle, puzzle, confuse, bewilder,
confound; frustrate, stump, thwart: The point of your argument
eludes me.

elusive adj. 1 evasive, slippery, tricky, shifty: One of the world's
most elusive guerrilla leaders was spotted in public yesterday.
2 evasive, evanescent, fleeting, fugitive, transitory,
indefinable, elusory, intangible, impalpable: The notion of
truth has always been elusive.

5.10 emaciated...
=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-



emaciated adj. emaciate, atrophied, shrivelled, wizened, shrunken,
haggard, gaunt, drawn, pinched, bony, skeletal, cadaverous,
withered, wasted, consumptive, phthisic, anorexic or anorectic,
wasting (away), scrawny, skinny, thin, lean, spare,
undernourished, underfed, starved, half-starved: The inmates of
the camp were so emaciated they could scarcely stand.

emanate v. 1 issue, come (out), emerge, proceed, flow, ooze, exude;
radiate: Black smoke emanated from the mouth of the idol. 2
radiate, give off or out, send out or forth, disseminate,
discharge, put out, emit; exhale, ooze, exude: The idol's eyes
emanated a blue light.


emancipate
v. release, set free, liberate, enfranchise, manumit, loose,
let loose, let go, set free, disenthral, unfetter, unchain,
unshackle; deliver: Britain emancipated the slaves almost 50
years before Lincoln's Emancipation Proclamation.

embargo n. 1 restraint, block, blockage, bar, ban, stoppage, cessation,
proscription, prohibition, interdiction, check, restriction,
barrier; hindrance, impediment: The government placed an
embargo on the export of oil.

--v. 2 restrain, block, bar, ban, stop, cease, proscribe,
prohibit, interdict, check, restrict, hold back, prevent;
hinder, impede, retard, hold up: They may embargo oil shipments
in case of war.

embark v. 1 board, go aboard; entrain; emplane or enplane: We
embarked and the ship sailed. 2 Often, embark on. commence,
begin, enter (upon), initiate, launch, start, go into, set
about, take up or on, engage in, assume, tackle: He will embark
on the new enterprise next month.

embarrass v. disconcert, discomfit, chagrin, abash, shame, mortify,
humble, humiliate, discountenance, discompose, fluster, upset,
distress, disgrace, Colloq show up: He embarrassed his
colleagues by his bad manners.

embarrassed
adj. 1 ashamed, shamefaced, blushing, disconcerted,
discomfited, chagrined, abashed, shamed, mortified, humiliated,
discountenanced, discomposed, flustered, distressed, red-faced,
uncomfortable, self-conscious, sheepish, red in the face;
humbled, disgraced: She was extremely embarrassed by all the
attention. 2 in debt, in the red, straitened, insolvent, Colloq
short, hard up, broke, Brit skint: I'm financially embarrassed
now but I'll pay you later.

embarrassing
adj. awkward, humiliating, mortifying, shaming, shameful,
uncomfortable, discomfiting, disconcerting, touchy, distressing,
worrying: I had a very embarrassing moment when I forgot the
client's name.


embarrassment
n. 1 bashfulness, awkwardness, clumsiness, discomposure,
abashment, uneasiness, discomfort, self-consciousness,
mortification, chagrin: My embarrassment made me blush. 2
difficulty, mess, predicament, dilemma, problem, trouble, Colloq
hot water, pickle, fix, scrape, bind: Finding them together
presented me with a real embarrassment. 3 excess, superfluity,
superabundance, over-abundance, embarras de richesse, embarras
de choix, oversupply, surplus, profusion: An embarrassment of
options was open to me.

embellish v. 1 beautify, improve, titivate or tittivate, dress (up),
trick out or up, enhance, elaborate, enrich, embroider, gild,
furbish (up), garnish, decorate, adorn, ornament, deck, bedeck,
trim, elaborate, caparison, rubricate, varnish; gild refined
gold, paint the lily, Misquote gild the lily: The saddles are
embellished with silver studs. 2 elaborate, exaggerate, overdo,
embroider, enhance, dress up: His reports are so embellished
that you cannot separate fact from fiction.

embellishment
n. 1 decoration, ornamentation, ornament, elaboration,
adornment, embroidery: The basic design, which is shoddy, is
unimproved by embellishment. Good pasta needs minimal
embellishment. 2 exaggeration, enhancement, tinsel, garnish,
gilding, frill: All the embellishments make her story totally
unbelievable.


embers n.pl. live coals; cinders, ashes; remains, remnants: The dying
embers of the fire symbolized her waning love for Darrin.

embezzle v. misappropriate, peculate, misapply, misuse, steal, make off
or away with, filch, pilfer, purloin, Law defalcate; Colloq have
one's hand in the till: The treasurer had embezzled half a
million from the company.

embezzlement
n. misappropriation, peculation, misapplication, misuse,
misusing, abstraction, stealing, theft, thievery, larceny,
filching, purloining, pilferage, pilfering, Law defalcation:
Wanted for embezzlement, he fled to Brazil.

embittered
adj. bitter, resentful, sour, soured, caustic, acrimonious,
acid, envenomed; angry, choleric, rancorous: His conviction for
fraud left him an embittered man.


emblem n. badge, insigne, symbol, representation, device, seal, crest,
token, sign; trade mark, logotype or logo: The white knight's
emblem was a pair of crossed flaming swords.


emblematic
adj. emblematical, symbolic(al), representative,
representational: The white dove is emblematic of peace.

embodiment
n. 1 incarnation, realization, concretization, manifestation,
expression, personification, materialization, actualization,
reification, substantiation: The golden section is the
embodiment of an ancient principle of proportion. 2
consolidation, collection, unification, incorporation,
inclusion, integration, combination, concentration,
systematization, organization, codification, synthesis, epitome:
This book is the embodiment of Arnolfo's theories of aesthetics.

embody v. 1 concretize, realize, manifest, express, personify,
materialize, reify, actualize, externalize, incarnate: Her
feminist convictions are embodied in her lifestyle. 2
exemplify, typify, represent, symbolize, stand for: Note how
this painting embodies Longchamp's unique notions of form. 3
consolidate, collect, unite, unify, incorporate, include,
integrate, combine, concentrate, systematize, organize,
comprise, codify, epitomize, synthesize: The teachings of the
sect are embodied in their scriptures.

embrace v. 1 hug, clasp, grasp, hold, enfold, cuddle, cleave together,
Archaic clip: She embraced him warmly when they met again. 2
adopt, espouse, take up or in, avail oneself of, use, make use
of, employ, accept, receive, welcome: They embraced Christian
ideals. 3 include, comprise, embody, incorporate, comprehend,
encompass: Their tribal territory embraces all areas south of
the mountains.

--n. 4 hug, squeeze, clutch, Slang clinch: He gave her a
tender embrace and left.


emerge v. 1 appear, come out, come forth, come up, rise; arise,
surface, come into view or notice, come to light, be revealed,
crop up, turn out, develop, become known, become apparent,
transpire, happen, evolve: It emerged that she had bought a
pistol that morning. 2 issue, emanate, come forth, proceed:
The train emerged from the tunnel.

emergence n. rise, surfacing, appearance; development, materialization,
manifestation: They were surprised by his emergence as leader.

emergency n. crisis, exigency, danger, predicament, difficulty, pinch:
In an emergency, put on lifebelts.


emigrant n. ‚migr‚, expatriate, displaced person, DP, refugee, boat
person; colonist, settler: For millions of European emigrants,
their first sight of the promised land was the Statue of Liberty
in New York harbour.


emigrate v. migrate, move, relocate, resettle; leave, quit, depart,
forsake: Her parents emigrated from Turkey and settled in
Scotland.

eminent adj. 1 distinguished, esteemed, exalted, respected, revered,
honoured, dignified, notable, noteworthy, important, noted,
outstanding, prominent, pre-eminent, conspicuous, superior,
great, illustrious, famous, renowned, well-known, celebrated:
McLeod is an eminent meteorologist. 2 conspicuous, outstanding,
marked: His suggestion made eminent good sense.


eminently adv. very, exceedingly, extremely, exceptionally, remarkably,
singularly, notably, signally: This man is eminently well
suited for his job.


emit v. discharge, eject, expel, emanate, send out or forth, pour
out or forth, give off or out, issue, vent, radiate; exhale;
exude, ooze: The factory has been emitting toxic gases into the
atmosphere.


emotion n. feeling, passion, sentiment, sensation: They say there is a
fine line between the emotions of love and hate.

emotional adj. 1 passionate, impassioned, ardent, enthusiastic, heated,

zealous, heartfelt, excited, fervent, fervid: She reacted in a
very emotional way to the suggestions. 2 tense, nervous,
excitable, highly-strung, high-strung, temperamental, volatile,
hotheaded, demonstrative: He is a very emotional person, who
should not be driving a bus. 3 sensitive, warm, sentimental,
tender, moving, poignant, stirring, emotive, affective,
touching: Their meeting after 50 years was certainly emotional.
4 frantic, agitated, irrational, hysterical, wild, ranting: She
became very emotional when the police took away her son.


emphasis n. importance, stress, significance, prominence, attention,
weight, gravity, force, moment, pre-eminence, priority,
underscoring, underlining, Technical paralipsis: They place too
much emphasis on the social aspects of school.


emphasize v. stress, accentuate, accent, underscore, point up, underline,
call or draw attention to, mark, highlight, play up, spotlight,
feature: The new procedures emphasize safety.


emphatic adj. firm, uncompromising, determined, decided, resolute,
dogged; earnest, definite, unequivocal, unambiguous, distinct,
dogmatic, categorical, peremptory, explicit, incisive,
insistent, affirmative, positive, sure, certain, unmistakable or
unmistakeable, specific, definitive, direct; forceful, vigorous,
energetic, assertive, intense; express, pronounced, strong: She
was emphatic about leaving then and there.

empirical adj. empiric, experiential, practical, observed, pragmatic,
experimental: He has been there and has empirical knowledge of
the system.

employ v. 1 hire, engage, enlist, recruit, enrol, sign (up), take on,
retain, commission: I have employed a solicitor to look after
my affairs while I am away. The company employed 120 engineers.
2 use, make use of, utilize, apply: We plan to employ the most
modern equipment. 3 occupy, take (up), engage, involve: He is
employed with his stamp collection.

employee n. worker, staff member, wage-earner; hand: The employees are
on strike.

employer n. 1 proprietor, owner, patron, manager, director, chief, head,
Colloq boss, Brit gaffer, governor, Eye dialect guv'nor, guv:

My employer comes in late every day. 2 company, firm,
corporation, business, establishment, organization, Colloq
outfit: She took her employer to court for unfair dismissal.


employment
n. 1 occupation, job, trade, work, business, profession,
vocation, calling, livelihood, pursuit, m‚tier, skill, craft,
Colloq line, Slang racket: My employment for many years has
been restoring antique furniture. 2 hire, hiring, engagement,
engaging, employing, taking on, retaining, enlistment,
enlisting: The employment of 50 people by the new firm will
help the town. 3 use, utilization, application, operation,
implementation: The job involves the employment of specialized
techniques.


emptiness n. 1 voidness, hollowness, vacantness, vacancy, vacuity,
blankness, bareness, barrenness, desolation, desertedness,
vacuum, void: He was again alone in the vast emptiness of
space. After she left, I felt a terrible emptiness. 2
senselessness, meaninglessness, pointlessness, aimlessness,
purposelessness, futility, uselessness, worthlessness,
hollowness: The emptiness of the candidate's words was apparent
to all. 3 vacuity, vacuousness, vacantness, blankness,
expressionlessness, emotionlessness: The emptiness of her
facial expression told me that she hadn't understood a word.

empty adj. 1 void, unfilled, hollow, bare, barren, vacant,
unfurnished, unadorned, undecorated; emptied, drained, spent,
exhausted: That empty space on the wall needs a painting. 2
vacant, unoccupied, uninhabited, untenanted: He finally found
an empty flat with two bedrooms. 3 deserted, desolate,
uninhabited, wild, waste, bare, barren; forsaken: He wandered
for days on the empty moor. 4 trivial, insincere, hypocritical,
hollow, cheap, worthless, valueless, meaningless, insignificant,
insubstantial, unsatisfying, idle: His promises were merely
words, empty words. 5 vacant, blank, deadpan, expressionless,
poker-faced; vacuous, fatuous, stupid, foolish, inane: He
looked at me with that empty expression of his. 6 blank, clean,
new, unused, clear: On an empty page write your name and the
date. 7 empty of. devoid of, lacking (in), wanting, in want of,
deficient in, destitute of, without, sans: Their hearts are
empty of compassion.

--v. 8 clear, remove, take out or away, put out, cast or throw
out, eject; vacate, evacuate; dump, drain, exhaust, pour out,
void, discharge, unload: Thieves emptied everything from the
house. The police are emptying the building because of a bomb
scare. Empty these bottles outside.

5.11 enable...
=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-



enable v. 1 qualify, authorize, entitle, permit, allow, sanction,
approve, empower, license,commission, entrust, depute, delegate,
assign, charter, franchise: An act was passed to enable them to
build the railway. 2 capacitate, facilitate, expedite, help,
aid, assist: The grant enabled me to continue my studies. 3
permit, allow, approve, assent to, go along with, agree to, give
the go-ahead or green light, Colloq OK or okay: Her press pass
enables her to get through police lines.


enact v. 1 pass, legislate, ratify; ordain, decree, rule, command,
order, authorize: The law was enacted to protect consumers. 2
act (out), represent, play, portray, depict, perform, appear as:
She enacted the role of a modern Lady Macbeth.


enchant v. 1 bewitch, cast a spell on, ensorcell or ensorcel,
spellbind, hypnotize, mesmerize, voodoo, Brit magic, US hex,
Colloq hoodoo: Circe enchanted Ulysses' men and turned them
into swine. 2 charm, fascinate, beguile, captivate, enthral,
enrapture, attract, allure, delight, entrance: With her sultry
looks she has enchanted the most cynical of men.

enchanted adj. pleased, delighted, happy, thrilled, French enchant‚(e):
I am enchanted to meet you at last, Mrs Thompson.


enchanting
adj. beguiling, bewitching, entrancing, spellbinding, charming,
fascinating, captivating, intriguing, enthralling, alluring,
delightful, hypnotic, attractive, appealing, winsome, ravishing,
seductive: Caesar found Cleopatra utterly enchanting.


enchantment
n. 1 witchcraft, sorcery, magic, wizardry, thaumaturgy,
conjuration or conjury; spell, charm, jinx, US hex: Stories of

enchantment and magic fail to interest today's sceptical
five-year-old. When she worked her enchantment on me, I
succumbed completely. 2 charm, beguilement, allure, fascination,
rapture, mesmerism, bliss: She was completely carried away by
the enchantment of the moment.

encircle v. surround, gird, circle, enclose, ring, encompass, compass,
confine, hem or hold in; wreathe: When the horde encircled the
castle we thought we were doomed.


enclose v. 1 inclose, confine, shut in, close or hem in, surround, pen,
encircle, encompass, bound, envelop, hedge in, wall in, immure,
fence in or off, US and Canadian corral: A high wall encloses
the garden. 2 insert, include, contain; wrap: The cheque was
enclosed in the same envelope.

enclosure n. 1 fold, pen, cote, run, sty, yard, farmyard, barnyard,
courtyard, quadrangle or quad, square, compound, Brit close, US
and Canadian corral: We had trouble keeping the dogs in the
enclosure. 2 fence, wall, rail, railing, barrier, hedge,
barricade, boundary: The buildings serve as an enclosure.

encounter v. 1 meet, come upon, run into or across, happen upon, chance
upon, hit upon, light upon, stumble upon, Colloq bump into: She
encountered him again in the supermarket. 2 face, experience,
meet with, contend with, be faced with, come into contact with,
wrestle with: She encounters such problems every day. 3 come
into conflict with, contend with, assail, cross swords (with),
grapple with, engage, joust with, do battle with, confront,
clash with, join, meet: The ballad tells how he encountered the
black knight in single combat.

--n. 4 meeting: It was a chance encounter that brought us
together. 5 confrontation, brush, quarrel, disagreement,
dispute, altercation, engagement, action, battle, fight, clash,
conflict, skirmish, contest, competition, duel, contention,
struggle, war, Colloq dust-up, scrap, run-in, set-to: My uncle
took part in the bloody encounter in the Ardennes.


encourage v. 1 hearten, embolden, reassure, buoy (up), stimulate,
animate, support, inspirit, inspire, cheer (up), urge or spur on
or onward(s), incite, Colloq egg on, pep up: She encouraged him
in his study of medicine. 2 promote, advance, aid, support,

help, assist, abet, foster, forward, boost, Colloq give a shot
in the arm: The continued success of the team encouraged
attendance at the games.


encouragement
n. 1 heartening, reassuring, reassurance, buoying up,
stimulating, stimulation, stimulus, animating, animation,
supporting, support, promoting, promotion, inspiring,
inspiration, cheering, urging, spur, spurring, exhorting,
exhortation, prodding, urging, innervation, inciting,
incitement: Without her encouragement, I could never have won.
2 boost, stimulus, help, aid, support, Colloq pep talk: The
team gets a lot of encouragement from local merchants.


encroach v. Often, encroach on or upon. intrude, trespass, infringe,
invade, make inroads: When you mention arctophily, you're
encroaching on my territory.

encumber v. 1 burden, weigh down, load (up or down), overload,
overburden, strain, oppress, saddle, tax, overtax: Encumbered
with intolerable taxes, the people revolted. She almost drowned
because she was encumbered with her numerous petticoats. 2
hamper, impede, hinder, handicap, inconvenience, trammel,
retard, slow down: Though encumbered by an invalid husband, she
managed to qualify as a barrister.

encumbrance
n. weight, burden, onus, cross (to bear), albatross, millstone,
handicap, impediment, hindrance, obstacle, obstruction,
liability, disadvantage, drag: The children were regarded
merely as an encumbrance.

encyclopedic
adj. encyclopaedic, comprehensive, inclusive, broad, extensive,
universal, thorough, exhaustive, wide-ranging, complete: She
has an encyclopedic knowledge of Chinese art.

end n. 1 extremity, extreme, extent, bound, boundary, tip, limit,
terminus: That fence marks the southern end of the property. At
the end of the garden was a large shed. 2 close, termination,
conclusion, cessation, expiration, finish, completion, finale,
ending, wind-up; denouement or d‚nouement: At the end of the
film, the lights came on. 3 aim, purpose, intention, intent,

objective, object,goal, point, reason, raison d'ˆtre,
destination, motive, motivation, aspiration: To what end does
she persist so vehemently? 4 consequence, result, outcome,
effect, upshot: The end of the affair was that he had to leave
town. 5 destruction, death, ruin, extermination, annihilation,
death, termination, conclusion: That would spell the end to all
life on earth. 6 at a loose end or US and Canadian at loose
ends. unsettled, unoccupied, unemployed, uncommitted, undecided,
indecisive, ambivalent, vacillating, purposeless, aimless,
adrift, drifting, betwixt and between, neither here nor there:
My wife has gone off to visit her mother and I'm at a loose end.
7 on end. a upright, erect, standing: He can balance a ruler
on end. b continuously, uninterruptedly, unceasingly,
incessantly, consecutively: It rained for days on end. 8 the
end. a the worst, the last straw, the final blow, Colloq the
limit, too much: Brian's winning first prize is the absolute
end. b the best, the greatest: That disc by The What is the
living end.


--v. 9 terminate, conclude, bring to an end, stop, halt, cease,
wind up or down, settle, put an end to, discontinue, break off,
cut off, close, finish, culminate, end up, Brit put paid to; die
(out), expire, climax, peter out, vanish: We have ended our
relationship. The book ends with her returning to him. The year
ends on December 31st. 10 kill, put to death, annihilate,
exterminate, terminate, extinguish; destroy, ruin: He ended his
life last night with a bullet. 11 surpass, outdo, outclass,
outshine, outstrip, supersede: It is a disaster film to end all
disaster films.


endanger v. imperil, threaten, jeopardize, risk, put at risk, hazard,
expose (to danger), put in jeopardy, tempt fate: She endangered
her life while trying to save his.


endangered
adj. imperilled, threatened, near extinction: Every effort
must be made to protect endangered species.

endearing adj. attractive, engaging, likeable, appealing, winsome,
captivating, winning: He has a few endearing qualities, I
suppose.

endeavour v. 1 try, attempt, strive, make an effort, do one's best,

struggle, exert oneself, undertake; aim, aspire; Colloq take a
stab at, have a go or crack or whack or shot at: For years he's
endeavoured to see her.


--n. 2 effort, pains, attempt, try, striving, struggle,
venture, enterprise, Colloq stab, crack, whack, shot: Her
endeavours to be published have come to naught.

endless adj. 1 limitless, unlimited, boundless, unbounded, infinite,
immeasurable, eternal, unending: They found themselves in the
endless reaches of outer space. 2 ceaseless, uninterrupted,
incessant, unceasing, unending, constant, perpetual,
interminable, unremitting, non-stop, continuous, continual,
everlasting: I wish you two would stop your endless bickering.


endorse v. 1 indorse, approve, sanction, authorize, advocate, support,
back, subscribe to, sustain, confirm, countenance, put one's
stamp or seal (of approval) on, set one's seal (of approval) to,
give (something) one's imprimatur, Colloq OK, okay: The council
endorsed our application for planning permission. 2 indorse,
countersign: Endorse the cheque to cash it.

endorsement
n. 1 indorsement, approval, affirmation, sanction,
authorization, confirmation, ratification, support, backing,
approbation, seal or stamp of approval, imprimatur, Colloq OK,
okay: He is acting with the full endorsement of his union. 2
counter-signature: His endorsement is on the back of the
cheque.


endowment n. 1 grant, (financial) aid, subsidy, subvention, allowance,
allotment, contribution, donation, gift, present, award;
bequest, inheritance, dowry: The endowment was enough to
support me for a year. 2 gift, presentation, bestowal, award,
awarding, settlement: The endowment of the grant was approved
by the college. 3 endowments. qualities, talents, gifts,
abilities, aptitudes, capabilities, capacities, qualifications,
strengths; attributes, properties, characteristics: She is a
woman of considerable endowments.


endurance n. 1 stamina, staying power, perseverance, persistence,
resolution, fortitude, tenacity, patience, tolerance, Colloq US
stick-to-it-iveness: He showed remarkable endurance in the

pentathlon trials. 2 lasting quality, durability, longevity,
lifetime, continuation: In this film, he uses the river as a
symbol of endurance and timelessness.


endure v. 1 last, persist, stay, remain, abide, prevail, survive,
continue, hold, live (on), Colloq go the distance: Her fame as
a poet will endure. 2 stand, abide, tolerate, face, survive,
withstand, bear, weather, take (it), suffer, stomach, undergo,
hold out (against), Colloq hang in (there), stick or sweat (it
or something) out: He endured the pressure of his job as long
as he could. 3 suffer, undergo, bear, face, stand, put up with,
stomach, take: Consider the tyranny that Europe endured under
Hitler.


enduring adj. lasting, long-lasting, durable, abiding, continuing,
long-standing, persisting, persistent, remaining, steady,
steadfast; eternal, immortal, permanent: Their enduring faith
carried them through the ordeal.


enemy n. foe, antagonist, adversary, opponent, rival, competitor,
contestant, contender; the opposition, the other side: His
enemies were running a smear campaign against him.

energetic adj. lively, active, vigorous, invigorated, dynamic, animated,
spirited, untiring, tireless, indefatigable, sprightly, spry,
vital, high-powered, brisk, vibrant, zesty, zestful, Colloq hot,
peppy, full of pep, full of get-up-and-go, zippy, on one's toes,
zingy, full of beans: I feel most energetic at the start of the
day.


energize v. enliven, liven up, stimulate, animate, invigorate, activate,
actuate, move, motivate, galvanize, electrify, inspire,
inspirit, pep up, waken, rouse, stir, arouse, excite, egg on,
urge: Max's enthusiasm energized the whole of the research
team.

energy n. vitality, forcefulness, vivacity, liveliness, vigour,
animation, spirit, force, dynamism, drive, verve, dash, ‚lan,
intensity, power, determination, puissance, strength, might,
Colloq pep, vim and vigour, US stick-to-it-iveness,
get-up-and-go, zip, zing: At seventy, she just couldn't put as
much energy into her performance as she once did.

enervate v. weaken, tire, strain, enfeeble, debilitate, fatigue,
exhaust, drain, sap, wear out, devitalize, break, defeat: I
have always found the tropics quite enervating.


enforce v. 1 insist upon or on, stress, require, impose, support, put
into effect, apply, administer, carry out, inflict, bring to
bear, implement, prosecute, discharge; reinforce; Colloq crack
or clamp down: The police will enforce the curfew tonight. 2
force, compel, pressure or Brit pressurize, press, coerce, lay
stress upon or on, impose upon or on, impress upon or on, insist
upon or on, demand, require; intimidate, browbeat, bully,
railroad; Colloq lean on, twist (someone's) arm: They hired
thugs to enforce their claim.


engage v. 1 employ, hire, enrol or US also enroll, enlist, retain,
sign (up), contract with or for, indenture; rent, book, reserve,
secure, bespeak: She was engaged on a part-time basis. We
engaged rooms for the night. 2 occupy, engross, busy, absorb,
involve, tie up, preoccupy, employ: This task will engage all
available resources until the end of next month. 3 pledge,
undertake, bargain, agree, covenant, promise, guarantee,
contract: I engaged to complete the work by Tuesday. 4
attract, hold, capture, catch, draw: The museum has many
exhibits that will engage the interest of children. 5 join (in)
combat or battle with, meet, encounter, fight, combat, attack,
battle, clash with, grapple with: The enemy was engaged at
dawn. 6 engage in. participate (in), partake in, take part
(in), enter (into), undertake, embark on: She engages in many
out-of-school activities.


engaged adj. 1 betrothed, affianced, plighted, pledged, promised;
spoken for: They got engaged on St Valentine's Day. 2 busy,
occupied, tied up, involved, employed, absorbed, preoccupied,
wrapped up: He is otherwise engaged and cannot meet me today.


engagement
n. 1 appointment, meeting, date, rendezvous, arrangement,
commitment: I'm sorry, I have a previous engagement. 2
betrothal: Their engagement was announced in all the papers. 3
agreement, bargain, obligation, promise, pledge, covenant,
contract: The company undertook an engagement to provide the
steel. 4 job, position, post, commission, booking; employment,
work; Colloq spot, Slang (of a musician) gig: He has an

engagement with the newspaper. 5 fight, battle, conflict,
encounter, combat: The naval engagement lasted three days and
nights.


engaging adj. charming, pleasant, attractive, winsome, winning,
appealing, agreeable, delightful, pleasing, likeable, friendly,
open: With her engaging personality, it is no wonder she has so
many friends.


engine n. motor, machine, mechanism, appliance, apparatus; locomotive:
The invention of the internal combustion engine revolutionized
modern transport.

engineer n. 1 designer, originator, inventor, contriver, architect,
planner, mastermind: The engineer of this scheme was one David
Jones. 2 (engine-) driver, conductor, operator: He was the
engineer on the afternoon train out of Washington. 3 mechanic,
technician, repairman: The telephone engineers will be here on
Monday to install a new phone system.


--v. 4 devise, plan, develop, originate, contrive, invent,
mastermind, construct, build, make: It is said that Daedalus
engineered the first man-made wings. 5 manipulate, scheme,
plot, machinate, intrigue, connive, conspire, manoeuvre, rig,
set up, organize, arrange, put over, Colloq finagle, wangle,
swing: She tried to engineer the laundering of the money, but
was caught.

engrave v. 1 cut, carve, chisel, inscribe; etch: The ring was a plain
gold band, engraved with daisies. 2 impress, stamp, set, lodge,
fix, embed, imprint, ingrain: The horror of that night was
forever engraved in his mind.

engraving n. 1 intaglio, cameo, etching, dry-point, woodcut, linocut,
wood or steel engraving, anaglyph, block or US also cut: She
uses a burin to make these engravings. 2 print, impression,
etching, dry-point: The exhibition of D•rer engravings closes
tomorrow.


enhance v. improve, better, augment, boost, raise, elevate, lift,
heighten, exalt, enlarge, swell, magnify, increase, add to,
amplify, intensify, enrich, embellish, complement, reinforce,
strengthen: His public image was greatly enhanced by his

support of charities.

enigma n. puzzle, conundrum, mystery, riddle, poser, problem: How he
escaped is an enigma to the police.


enjoy v. 1 delight in, appreciate, like, take or derive pleasure or
satisfaction in or from, relish (in), fancy, take to, Slang dig,
get a kick or lift or charge out of, get high on, get off on:
Bernard really enjoys Wagner. 2 benefit or profit from, take
advantage of, use, utilize, make use of, use to advantage, have,
possess: He cannot be charged because he enjoys diplomatic
immunity. 3 enjoy oneself. have a good time, make merry, Colloq
have a ball or the time of one's life: I enjoyed myself at your
party.


enjoyment n. 1 pleasure, delight, joy, gratification, satisfaction,
relish, zest, delectation, recreation, entertainment, diversion,
amusement: The public has derived much enjoyment from Shaw's
plays. 2 use, utilization, exercise, possession; benefit,
advantage: As a member, you are entitled to the enjoyment of
all club privileges.

enlarge v. 1 increase, expand, magnify, amplify, extend, swell, dilate,
spread, wax, widen, broaden, lengthen, elongate, stretch,
distend; add to, supplement, augment; inflate; Colloq blow up:
The government will enlarge the area devoted to public parks.
Enlarge the photographs and details appear. 2 enlarge on or
upon. expand on, expatiate on, amplify, expound; detail,
elaborate (on): The speaker was asked to enlarge on her plans
for building new hospitals.

enlighten v. inform, edify, instruct, teach, tutor, educate, coach,
apprise, make aware, advise, counsel: You must enlighten George
on how to behave in public.


enlightened
adj. well-informed, informed, educated, aware, knowledgeable,
literate, rational, reasonable, sensible, common-sense,
commonsensical, broad-minded, open-minded, liberal; cultivated,
civilized, sophisticated, Colloq in the know: In a democracy,
the press serves an enlightened public.

enlist v. 1 enrol, register, join (up), volunteer, sign up or on;

engage, recruit, induct, muster, conscript, impress, call up, US
draft: He enlisted in the navy at 17. 2 employ, hire, engage,
retain, make available, secure, obtain, get, procure, gather,
drum up, mobilize, Colloq organize: We must enlist all the help
we can.

enliven v. 1 invigorate, inspirit, animate, pep up, stimulate,
energize, vivify, vitalize, quicken, exhilarate, arouse, rouse,
awaken, wake up, spark (off), kindle, enkindle, fire (up),
inspire: Enlivened by the coach's talk, we were determined to
win. 2 brighten, cheer (up), buoy (up), gladden, uplift: The
room was considerably enlivened by the new curtains.

enormity n. outrageousness, outrage, atrociousness, atrocity,
wickedness, heinousness, flagitiousness, horribleness, horror,
barbarity, savagery, monstrousness, horridness, evil,
viciousness: The enormity of the crime shocked us all.

enormous adj. huge, immense, gigantic, elephantine, gargantuan, mammoth,
titanic, colossal, tremendous, vast, massive, stupendous,
Brobdingnagian, gross, monstrous, prodigious: An enormous
dragon blocked their way out of the cave.

enormousness
n. immensity, hugeness: I was staggered by the sheer
enormousness of the building.

enough adj. 1 sufficient, adequate, ample: There isn't enough food to
go round.


--n. 2 sufficiency, adequacy, ample supply, plenty: I have
enough for myself.

--adv. 3 sufficiently, adequately, reasonably, satisfactorily,
tolerably, passably: Your word is good enough for me.

enquire v. 1 inquire, ask, question, query: The police enquired
whether we had noticed any strange goings-on next door. 2 See
inquire.


enrage v. anger, infuriate, madden, incense, provoke, inflame, make
(someone's) blood boil, Colloq get (someone's) back or Irish or
hackles or dander up, make (someone) see red, wave a red flag

before (someone), make (someone's) blood boil, US burn (someone)
up, Slang US tick (someone) off, Taboo piss (someone) off, Brit
put (someone's) monkey up, US tee (someone) off: Lord Thimble
was enraged at being made to wait his turn.


enrapture v. enchant, entrance, transport, thrill, bewitch, spellbind,
fascinate, charm, enthral, captivate, beguile, delight: The
soprano quite enraptured her audience.


enrich v. 1 endow, enhance, improve, upgrade, better, ameliorate,
refine, add to: His novels have enriched our literature. 2
ornament, adorn, decorate, embellish; beautify, grace: Before
us rose a lofty dome enriched with precious stones.


enrol v. 1 enlist, register, sign up or on (for), join; volunteer;
recruit; Colloq join up: He enrolled at the university. 2
record, register, chronicle, put down, list, note, inscribed,
catalogue: Their names will be enrolled forever in the Book of
Heroes.


ensemble n. 1 outfit, costume, clothing, clothes, attire, apparel, garb,
garments, coordinates, Colloq get-up: A black hat, gloves, and
shoes completed the ensemble. 2 band, combination, orchestra,
group; chorus, choir; Colloq combo: A new chamber music
ensemble is performing tonight at the town hall. 3 assemblage,
composite, aggregate, collection, set, whole, entirety,
totality; agglomeration, conglomeration: A strange ensemble of
objects was on display.


enslave v. subjugate, yoke, fetter, enchain, shackle, trammel,
dominate; bind, indenture, Archaic enthral: The enslaved masses
rose and overcame their masters.

ensure v. 1 insure, assure, make sure or certain, confirm, certify,
guarantee; secure, effect: He must ensure that there is no
leak. 2 insure, protect, make safe, safeguard, guard, secure:
The captain is responsible for ensuring the safety of the
passengers.


entail v. involve, require, call for, necessitate, demand, occasion,
give rise to, impose; lead to, cause: The post has entailed
working an average 60-70 hours a week.

entangle v. 1 tangle, ensnarl, snarl, enmesh, catch (up), entrap, snag,
foul, implicate, knot (up), twist; impede; involve, embroil:
The propeller became entangled in the seaweed so that the boat
couldn't move. 2 confuse, mix (up), twist, snarl, ensnarl,
ensnare, hamper, complicate, confound, bewilder, perplex,
embarrass: He became entangled in a web of social and business
liaisons.

enter v. 1 go or come (in or into), pass (into): Please enter at the
left. 2 penetrate, pierce, stick (into), stab (into), puncture;
invade, infiltrate: The nail entered the tyre here. The iron
entered into his soul. 3 insert, inscribe, write, set or write
or put down, note, record, take or jot down, register; log,
document, minute: Enter your name on the dotted line. 4 enter
on or upon, begin, start, commence, undertake, set out on, take
up: I didn't want to enter the marathon if I couldn't finish.
5 enrol, enlist, sign on or up, join, become a member of: He
has entered the ranks of the unemployed. 6 present, offer,
proffer, tender, submit: More than 100 poems were entered in
the competition. 7 file, register, record, submit: The
defendant entered a plea of 'Not guilty'. 8 enter into. engage
or participate in, sign, be (a) party to, co-sign, countersign:
We entered into an agreement to buy the house.


enterprise
n. 1 undertaking, project, venture, adventure, effort,
programme, plan, scheme: His latest enterprise involves
establishing a chain of pizza shops. 2 boldness, daring,
courage, mettle, adventurousness, audacity, enthusiasm, zeal,
energy, spirit, drive, vigour, ambition, initiative, push,
eagerness, determination, resolve, purposefulness, purpose;
aggressiveness; Colloq get-up-and-go, zip, pep, gumption, guts,
US starch: It takes a lot of enterprise to start your own
business. 3 business, operation, firm, company, concern,
establishment: We began this enterprise on a shoestring.

enterprising
adj. resourceful, venturesome, adventurous, daring, courageous,
bold, brave, mettlesome, audacious, enthusiastic, eager, keen,
zealous, energetic, spirited, vigorous, ambitious, determined,
resolved, resolute, earnest, purposeful, purposive,
goal-oriented; aggressive, hard-working, indefatigable,
tireless, diligent, assiduous, industrious, persevering; Colloq

pushy, go-ahead: She is an enterprising young lawyer with her
own practice.

entertain v. 1 amuse, divert; delight, please; occupy: While we waited
the boy entertained us with his juggling. 2 receive,
accommodate, treat, be host (to), cater (for or to); have or see
people or guests or visitors or company; Colloq host: We
entertain on Tuesdays only. 3 contemplate, consider, have,
hold, harbour, foster, tolerate, allow, maintain, sustain,
support: They felt that they could not entertain the idea of
their daughter marrying the gardener's son.

entertaining
adj. amusing, diverting, delightful, enjoyable, pleasant, fun,
pleasing, pleasurable, interesting, engaging; funny, comic,
humorous, witty: We find Laurel and Hardy films entertaining.

entertainment
n. 1 amusement, diversion, distraction, pastime, recreation,
sport, play, fun, pleasure, enjoyment, relaxation, relief: What
do you do for entertainment? 2 performance, presentation,
diversion, amusement, divertissement, exhibition, pageant,
spectacle, show, production, spectacular, extravaganza: They
put on a lavish entertainment for the queen.


enthralling
adj. captivating, entrancing, spellbinding, enchanting,
bewitching, beguiling, fascinating, gripping, absorbing,
intriguing, hypnotizing, mesmerizing, riveting: There was an
enthralling melodrama on TV last night.

enthusiasm
n. 1 eagerness, keenness, earnestness, fervour, avidity, zeal,
excitement, passion, ardour, interest, relish, devotion,
devotedness, gusto, exuberance, zest; fanaticism, mania, rage:
No one matches her enthusiasm for grand opera. 2 rage, passion,
craze; hobby, interest, pastime, diversion, amusement; Colloq
fad: His current enthusiasm is acid rock.


enthusiast
n. fan, devotee, aficionado, lover, admirer, zealot, addict,
fanatic, promoter, supporter, champion, follower, disciple,
adherent, US booster, Colloq teeny-bopper, bug, hound, buff,

fiend, Slang nut, freak, groupie, US head: They are model
railway enthusiasts.

enthusiastic
adj. eager, keen, fervent, fervid, hearty, ardent, avid,
energetic, vigorous, devoted, earnest, passionate, spirited,
exuberant, zealous, fanatic(al), unqualified, unstinting,
irrepressible: He's an enthusiastic supporter of the prime
minister's policies.


entice v. lure, allure, tempt, attract, draw, seduce, coax, persuade,
prevail on, beguile, cajole, blandish, wheedle; decoy, lead on,
inveigle, Colloq sweet-talk, soft-soap, Slang suck in: The
prospectus enticed 3.15 million people to buy shares in the
company.

enticement
n. 1 temptation, allurement, beguilement, seduction, cajolery,
wheedling, blandishment, coaxing, persuasion: Do you approve of
the system of enticement used to get you to buy time-share
holidays? 2 lure, bait, decoy, trap, inducement, attraction,
temptation, Colloq come-on, soft soap: Among the enticements
offered was a free weekend in Paris.


entire adj. 1 complete, whole, total, full, undivided, absolute,
thorough, unreserved, unrestricted, undiminished, unconditional,
express, unexceptional, unmixed, unalloyed: That problem has
occupied my entire attention all week. 2 intact, whole, sound,
unbroken, undamaged, unimpaired, inviolate, without a scratch,
unscathed, in one piece: Twelve amphorae were recovered entire
from the wreck. 3 continuous, full, whole, complete,
uninterrupted: She has lasted an entire year in her new job.

entirely adv. 1 completely, wholly, altogether, fully, totally, utterly,
unreservedly, unqualifiedly, unexceptionally, in every respect,
in all respects, thoroughly, to a T, in toto, exhaustively, all
out, from head to toe or foot, (right) down to the ground, from
A to Z, lock, stock and barrel, root and branch, without
exception or reservation: She was entirely satisfied. I agree
with that entirely. 2 solely, exclusively, only, unambiguously,
unequivocally; positively, definitely, clearly: It was entirely
my fault.

entirety n. 1 completeness, unity, totality, wholeness, fullness,
integrity, perfection: Any chance of completing his mission in
its entirety had vanished. 2 whole, sum total, everything, all:
The entirety of the bequest amounted to a million francs.


entitle v. 1 allow, permit, qualify, make eligible, authorize, fit;
enfranchise, license, empower: This document entitles her to
half of the estate. 2 name, title, call, label, nickname, dub,
designate, term; christen, baptize: His first novel was
entitled Out of the Depths .

entity n. 1 thing, object, being, existence, quantity, article,
individual, organism: The emergence of the youth movement as a
separate entity posed problems for the party leadership. 2
essence, real nature, quiddity, quintessence, Metaphysics ens:
Every living creature has a distinct entity.

entranceฐ n. 1 (right of) entry, access, admission, admittance, entr‚e,
introduction: You need security clearance to gain entrance. 2
entry, entry-way, access, door, gate, passage, way (in);
ingress: The entrance is locked after midnight. 3 arrival,
appearance; coming, entry, coming or going in: Her entrances
were accompanied by cheers. He opposed our entrance into the
war. 4 beginning, start, commencement: Today marks his entrance
into his new duties.

entrance v. enchant, enrapture, fascinate, bewitch, spellbind,
transport, delight, charm, captivate, enthral, overpower,
mesmerize, hypnotize: He was entranced by her beauty.


entrenched
adj. rooted, deep-rooted, embedded, fixed, (firmly) planted,
established, set, deep-seated, unshakeable, ineradicable,
ingrained: We were unable to combat their entrenched opposition
to the proposals.

entrust v. intrust, trust, charge, assign, delegate, confide: I
entrusted her with my secret.


entry n. 1 access, entrance, entr‚e, admittance, admission: The
burglar gained entry through the skylight. 2 access, entrance,
entry-way, door, inlet, passage, way in: Both entries were
blocked. 3 entrance, arrival, coming or going in: His entry

was met with jeers. 4 record, item, memorandum, note, account,
listing; registration; Colloq memo: There is no entry in his
diary for the 15th of April. 5 competitor, contestant, player,
entrant, participant, candidate; rival, adversary, opponent:
Dennis was a late entry in the marathon.

entwine v. intwine, interlace, braid, interweave, intertwine, weave,
knit, plait, twist, coil, twine, splice; entangle, tangle: Her
hair was entwined with wild flowers.


enumerate v. 1 list, name, itemize, specify, detail, spell out,
catalogue, tick off, take stock of, cite, quote, recite,
recount, relate, narrate , US check off: I shall enumerate the
reasons why you may not go. 2 count, calculate, compute,
reckon, tally, add, number: The researcher could enumerate only
seven different species.

enunciate v. 1 articulate, pronounce, utter, voice, say, speak, vocalize,
express, deliver, present, Formal enounce: Foreign names should
be enunciated clearly. 2 state, proclaim, declare, promulgate,
announce, broadcast, pronounce, propound: The party platform
was enunciated in last night's speech.

envelop v. 1 wrap, enclose, enfold, enwrap, cover, engulf, swathe,
shroud, enshroud, swaddle: The body was enveloped in a white
robe. 2 shroud, enshroud, cover, conceal, hide, screen, shield,
obscure, veil, cloak: The motive for the murder was enveloped
in a mass of misleading clues.


enviable adj. desirable, wanted, desired, sought-after, covetable, in
demand: He is in an enviable financial position.

envious adj. jealous, covetous, resentful, begrudging, green-eyed,
green (with envy), desirous: He is envious of his wife because
she has a better job.

environment
n. surroundings, environs, atmosphere, ecosystem, conditions,
habitat, circumstances, medium, milieu; territory, locale,
setting, mise en scŠne, situation: Car exhaust fumes are
ruining our environment.

environmentalist

n. ecologist, conservationist, naturalist, preservationist,
nature-lover, green or Green: We have environmentalists to
thank for clean-air laws.


envisage v. 1 visualize, contemplate, imagine, picture, conceive (of),
fancy, think or dream or conjure up, Chiefly US envision:
Envisage a city built entirely of glass. 2 foresee, see,
predict, forecast, anticipate: I envisage a time when all
people will be free.


envision v. envisage, visualize, imagine, conceive of, foresee,
anticipate, predict, forecast, prophesy: I envision great
success for you.


envoy n. delegate, legate, ambassador, diplomat, minister, (papal)
nuncio, attach‚; representative, emissary, agent; Formal envoy
extraordinary, minister plenipotentiary: The government sent an
envoy to discuss trade.


envy n. 1 jealousy, enviousness, resentment: She was consumed with
envy of anyone who had more money than she did. 2 covetousness,
desire, longing: Success excites my envy.

--v. 3 covet, begrudge, resent: He envies his brother and his
new car.

5.12 epicure...
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epicure n. gourmet, connoisseur, aesthete, epicurean, sybarite,
hedonist, gastronome, bon viveur, bon vivant, Lucullus;
gourmand: An epicure, he refuses to eat any food not prepared
by his own chef.


epicurean adj. 1 sensual, sybaritic, luxurious, voluptuous, carnal,
self-indulgent, pleasure-seeking, pleasure-oriented, hedonistic,
gluttonous, intemperate, overindulgent, crapulent or crapulous,
swinish, porcine, piggish, immoderate, orgiastic, libidinous,
wild, unrestrained, unconfined, dissolute, dissipated,
Bacchanalian, Saturnalian: The king's epicurean lifestyle
contrasted with that of his starving subjects. 2 Lucullan,
gourmet: That was truly an epicurean repast.


--n. 3 epicure: It was a meal that would have won the approval
of the greatest epicureans.


epidemic adj. 1 widespread, universal, prevalent, prevailing, rampant,
general, wide-ranging, pandemic: The disease has reached
epidemic proportions.

--n. 2 plague, pestilence, scourge, rash, growth, upsurge,
outbreak, spread: An epidemic of anthrax has affected the
cattle.

epigram n. 1 witticism, bon mot, quip, mot, turn of phrase, jeu
d'esprit, Atticism; pun, double entendre, jeu de mots, play on
words, equivoque; paronomasia: His epigram characterizing
Eskimos as 'God's frozen people' was widely quoted. 2 proverb,
aphorism, maxim, saw, saying, adage, apophthegm or apothegm:
'Nothing succeeds like success' is his favourite epigram.


epigrammatic
adj. pithy, terse, laconic, concise, succinct, compendious,
piquant, pungent, trenchant, sententious, witty, pointed,
proverbial, aphoristic, apophthegmatic or apothegmatic, Colloq
snappy, punchy: Oscar Wilde is known for his epigrammatic
sayings.

episode n. 1 event, incident, occurrence, happening, experience,
adventure, affair, matter: Please do not remind me of the
episode with the chicken. 2 chapter, scene, instalment, part:
Don't miss tonight's episode of your favourite soap opera.

epitome n. 1 essence, quintessence, embodiment, personification,
archetype, exemplar, (typical) example, model, prototype: My
secretary is the epitome of laziness. 2 summary, abstract,
condensation, synopsis, digest, compendium, abridgement,
abbreviation, conspectus, r‚sum‚, contraction; outline, pr‚cis,
syllabus: The chairman wants an epitome of the report by
lunch-time.


5.13 equable...
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equable adj. 1 even-tempered, easygoing, serene, calm, placid,
composed, cool, imperturbable, collected, unruffled, tranquil,
peaceful, level-headed, Colloq unflappable: With his equable
temperament, Edgar is the man for the job. 2 uniform,
unvarying, unvaried, consistent, stable, steady, regular, even,
unchanging, invariable, constant: We moved to the Caribbean
because of its equable climate.

equal adj. 1 identical, the same (as), interchangeable, one and the
same, coequal, selfsame; like, alike, tantamount, similar (to),
equivalent, commensurate: This year's sales figures are equal
to last year's. 2 uniform, regular, corresponding,
correspondent, congruent, congruous, (evenly) balanced, (evenly)
matched, matching; equivalent, even; commensurate, comparable,
proportionate, (evenly) proportioned, harmonious, symmetrical;
Colloq fifty-fifty, Brit level pegging, US even Steven: Women
are entitled to equal employment opportunities. The scores are
equal. 3 equal to. up to, capable of, fit(ted) or suited or
suitable for, adequate for, Archaic or literary sufficient unto:
Are you sure that Renwick is equal to the responsibility?

--n. 4 peer, colleague, fellow, brother, mate, counterpart,
equivalent, alter ego, compeer: Constance is certainly anyone's
equal in intelligence.


--v. 5 match, meet, even, correspond (to), square (with), tally
(with), tie (with), parallel, come up to; rival: He will never
be able to equal the world record.


equality n. 1 parity, sameness, identity, coequality, uniformity: The
equality of the two bids was very suspicious. 2 similarity,
likeness, resemblance, equivalence, correspondence, conformity,
congruence, similitude, analogy, comparability, comparison,
coincidence: The equality between their performances is
surprising. 3 impartiality, fairness, justice; egalitarianism:
Surely we all deserve equality of treatment under the law.

equalize v. regularize, even up, square, balance, equate, match,
standardize, (make) equal: Equalize the amounts of liquid in
all the containers.

equip v. furnish, provide, supply, stock, outfit, fit (out or up),
rig (out or up), accoutre, array, attire, dress, deck (out),

caparison, clothe, Chiefly Brit kit out or up: We can equip you
with any scuba gear you may require.

equipment n. gear, apparatus, furnishings, accoutrements, appurtenances,
paraphernalia, kit, materiel or mat‚riel, tackle, outfit,
trappings, tack, equipage, Colloq Brit clobber: They spent a
fortune on mountain-climbing equipment.

equitable adj. fair, even-handed, just, impartial, objective, unbiased,
unprejudiced, square, fair-minded, open-minded, disinterested,
dispassionate, neutral, tolerant, unbigoted, reasonable,
judicious, ethical, principled, moral, proper, right-minded,
Colloq fair and square: Suspects have the right to equitable
treatment.


equity n. fairness, impartiality, even-handedness, justice, fair play,
objectivity, disinterest, fair-mindedness, equitableness,
open-mindedness, disinterestedness, neutrality, tolerance,
judiciousness, right-mindedness, high-mindedness: This court
recognizes the equity of your claim.

equivalent
adj. 1 tantamount, commensurate, alike, similar, close,
comparable, corresponding, interchangeable, equal, synonymous,
of a piece or a kind: He didn't really believe that women's
rights should be equivalent to men's.

--n. 2 match, equal, peer, counterpart, twin: The garage could
not supply the same part but they offered an equivalent.


equivocal adj. 1 evasive, misleading, roundabout, hedging, suspicious,
duplicitous, questionable, oblique, circumlocutory, ambagious,
ambivalent, amphibolic or amphibolous, Colloq waffling,
wishy-washy: When asked about the guarantee, they gave an
equivocal answer. 2 ambiguous, vague, hazy, indefinite,
unclear, indistinct, enigmatic(al), puzzling, perplexing,
indeterminate, uncertain, Colloq waffling: Just say Yes or No -
none of your equivocal responses.


equivocate
v. evade, mislead, hedge, deceive, quibble, dodge, weasel out
(of), double-talk, fence, sidestep, skirt, avoid, tergiversate,
prevaricate, Colloq waffle, beat about the bush, pussyfoot: I

wish she'd confirm or deny it and stop equivocating.

5.14 era...
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era n. age, period, time(s), day(s), epoch, stage; generation,
cycle, date: They lived in an era of peace.


erase v. 1 expunge, rub or scratch or blot or wipe out, delete,
cancel, efface, scratch, cross or strike out or off, obliterate:
The scribe erased one line and substituted another. 2 abolish,
destroy, obliterate, remove, eliminate, (get) rid of, eradicate,
efface: We erased every trace of evidence that we had been
there.

erect adj. 1 upright, standing, upstanding, straight, vertical,
perpendicular, plumb: There was a slight stoop now in what had
previously been a notably erect body.


--v. 2 build, construct, put up, raise; pitch: I could swear
that they erected that building overnight! 3 establish, found,
set up, form, institute, organize, create: Their religion was
erected on the principles of utilitarianism.


erode v. wear (down or away), eat away, grind down, abrade, gnaw away
(at), consume, corrode, wash away; deteriorate, destroy,
deplete, reduce, diminish: Water has eroded the rock. Their
continued lying has eroded my confidence in their honesty.


erosion n. wear (and tear), wearing (down or away), wasting away,
washing or grinding or rubbing away, corroding, corrosion,
abrading, abrasion, eating or gnawing away, chafing, fraying,
weathering, attrition: Erosion by rainwater has washed away the
topsoil.

erotic adj. 1 sensual, stimulating, suggestive, titillating, risqu‚,
bawdy, ribald, seductive, voluptuous, lustful, Colloq sexy:
Some insist that there is a difference between pornographic and
erotic literature. 2 amatory, venereal, amorous, anacreontic:
Many classical poets wrote erotic verse. 3 erogenous, naughty,
carnal, arousing, rousing, aphrodisiac, libidinous, lubricious
or lubricous, prurient, lascivious, lewd, concupiscent,

salacious, obscene, pornographic, dirty, filthy, nasty, Colloq
blue: He has a collection of photos that he calls erotic art.

err v. 1 be wrong, be in error, be mistaken, be inaccurate, be
incorrect, be in the wrong, go wrong, go astray, make a mistake,
miscalculate, (make a) blunder, bungle, botch, fumble, muff,
make a mess of, make a faux pas, mess up , US bobble; Colloq
goof (up), slip (up), drop a clanger, foul up, Brit drop a
brick, blot one's copybook, Slang screw up, Brit boob, Taboo
slang fuck up: The referee erred in ruling that the ball was
out. 2 misbehave, sin, transgress, trespass, lapse, fall, do
wrong: She has erred many times in her long life.

errand n. 1 trip, journey: She was on an errand of mercy. 2 mission,
charge, assignment, commission, task, duty: Francis is out
running some errands for me.

erratic adj. 1 irregular, unpredictable, inconsistent, unreliable,
capricious, changeable, variable; wayward, unstable, aberrant,
flighty: The buses run on an erratic schedule. 2 peculiar,
abnormal, wayward, odd, eccentric, outlandish, strange, unusual,
unorthodox, extraordinary, queer, quaint, bizarre, weird,
unconventional: He thinks that his erratic behaviour marks him
as an individualist. 3 wandering, meandering, directionless,
planetary, aimless, haphazard, discursive, errant, divagatory:
Their course was erratic, following the loss of their compass.

erroneous adj. wrong, mistaken, incorrect, inaccurate, inexact,
imprecise, amiss, awry, false, faulty, misleading, flawed,
botched, bungled, unsound, invalid, untrue, fallacious,
spurious, counterfeit, Colloq off the mark, off course, Brit off
beam, US off the beam: He gives the erroneous impression of
being intelligent. 'Seperate' is an erroneous spelling of
'separate'.


error n. 1 mistake, inaccuracy, fault, flaw, blunder, slip, gaffe;
misprint, typographical error, erratum, solecism; Brit literal,
Colloq slip-up, goof, clanger, fluff, boo-boo, howler, Brit
bloomer, Slang foul-up, boner, Brit boob: I cannot accept a
report so full of errors. 2 sin, transgression, trespass,
offence, indiscretion, wrongdoing, misconduct, iniquity, evil,
wickedness, flagitiousness: He seems to have seen the error of
his ways. 3 in error. a wrong, mistaken, incorrect, at fault:

She was in error about the date of the conference. b
mistakenly, incorrectly, by mistake, erroneously: I caught the
earlier train in error.


erupt v. 1 eject, discharge, expel, emit, burst forth or out, blow
up, explode, spew forth or out, break out, spout, vomit (up or
forth), throw up or off, spit out or up, belch (forth), gush:
The volcano erupted ash and lava. 2 appear, come out, break
out: A boil erupted on his chin.


eruption n. 1 outbreak, outburst, discharge, expulsion, emission,
bursting forth, explosion, spouting, vomiting (up or forth),
belching forth: The eruption of Vesuvius killed thousands in
Pompeii. 2 outbreak, rash: The doctor said the eruption would
disappear in a day.

5.15 escape...
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escape v. 1 get away, break out or free, bolt, flee, fly, run away or
off, elope, decamp, abscond, steal or slip off or away, take to
one's heels, take French leave, disappear, vanish, Brit levant,
Colloq take off, clear out, cut and run, duck out, make oneself
scarce, do a disappearing act, Brit do a moonlight flit, US
vamoose, hightail it, skedaddle, US and Canadian skip (town),
fly the coop, cut out; Slang vamoose, Brit do a bunk, bugger
off, mizzle off, US and Canadian scram, blow, lam out, take it
on the lam, take a (run-out) powder, Chiefly Australian shoot
through: They escaped when I wasn't looking. 2 evade, elude,
avoid, dodge: They escaped detection for years by hiding in a
deserted monastery. 3 drain, leak, issue, seep, discharge,
emanate: Steam was escaping through a hole. 4 elude, evade,
baffle, stump, mystify, puzzle, be forgotten by, be beyond
(someone): How the thing started escapes me for the moment.

--n. 5 flight, getaway, departure, decampment, bolt, jailbreak,
prison-break, Colloq break, break-out: The escape was planned
for midnight. 6 distraction, relief, diversion, recreation: He
watches westerns as an escape. 7 leakage, leaking, seepage,
seeping, drainage, draining, leak, discharge, outpouring,
outflow, effluence, efflux, effluxion: An escape of radioactive
waste from the nuclear power station had been reported earlier.


escort n. 1 guard, convoy, bodyguard, protection, guardian, protector,
chaperon, cortege or cortŠge, retinue, entourage, safe conduct,
usher, companion: The king rode in with his armed escort. 2
guide, attendant, conductor, leader, cicerone: The curator
acted as our escort through the museum. 3 companion; date,
boyfriend, beau: Donald is Thea's escort to the ball.

--v. 4 accompany, shepherd, squire, usher, conduct, guide,
attend: Would you please escort Denise in to dinner? 5 guard,
convoy, protect, watch over: The oil tankers were escorted by
destroyers.

especially
adv. 1 particularly, specially, specifically, exceptionally,
conspicuously, singularly, remarkably, extraordinarily,
unusually, uncommonly, peculiarly, outstandingly, uniquely,
notably, strikingly, noticeably, markedly, signally: She was
especially good at mathematics. 2 chiefly, mainly,
predominantly, primarily, principally, first, firstly, first of
all, above all: He is especially interested in music.

essay n. 1 article, composition, paper, theme, piece; thesis,
dissertation, disquisition, tract: Her essay is on the life
cycle of the flea. 2 attempt, effort, try, endeavour, venture;
Colloq shot, go: This is his first essay into the financial
world.

--v. 3 try, attempt, endeavour, strive, make an effort,
undertake, venture, tackle, test, go about, Colloq take a crack
or whack or stab at, Slang have a go at, give (it or something)
a shot, have a go or bash (at): Let him essay to do better.

essence n. 1 quintessence, quiddity, (essential) nature, substance,
spirit, being, heart, core, pith, kernel, marrow, soul,
significance, (active) principle, crux, cornerstone,
foundation-stone, Colloq bottom line: The essence of her
argument is that animals have the same rights as people. 2
extract, concentrate, distillate, elixir, tincture: The room
smelled faintly of essence of roses. 3 in essence. essentially,
basically, fundamentally, materially, substantially, at bottom,
in the final analysis, au fond; in effect, virtually: In
essence, there is little to choose between Trotskyism and

Stalinism. 4 of the essence. essential, critical, crucial,
vital, indispensable, requisite, important: In this job, time
is of the essence.


essential adj. 1 indispensable, necessary, requisite, required,
important, imperative, vital, material, quintessential: A
strong defence is essential to peace. 2 fundamental, basic,
intrinsic, elemental, elementary, principal, primary, key, main,
leading, chief: Yeast or baking powder is an essential
ingredient of bread.

establish v. 1 found, create, institute, set up, start, begin,
inaugurate, organize, form, constitute; decree, enact, ordain,
introduce: The company was established in 1796. A new law was
established to protect consumers. 2 secure, settle, fix,
entrench, install or instal, seat, ensconce; lodge, locate;
station: Hitler became established as dictator in 1933. Are you
established in your new house? 3 prove, confirm, certify,
verify, affirm, determine, authenticate, demonstrate, show,
substantiate, corroborate, validate, support, back (up): It
will be difficult to establish exactly how the crime was
committed.

establishment
n. 1 foundation, founding, formation, organization,
construction, creation, origin, origination, institution,
inauguration, setting up: We look forward to the establishment
of a democratic government. 2 business, concern, firm, company,
enterprise, institution, organization; office; shop, store,
market: He works for a retail establishment. 3 the
Establishment. the system, the government, the authorities, the
administration, the power structure, the ruling class, the
(established) order, the conservatives,the powers that be; the
Church: The press must not be under the control of the
Establishment.

estate n. 1 property, holdings, domain, demesne, land, landed estate,
manor, mansion: They live on a large estate in the south of
France. 2 property, holdings, assets, capital, resources,
wealth, fortune; belongings, possessions, chattels: The estate
was divided among the heirs. 3 estate of the realm, class,
caste, order, standing, position, (social) status, state,
station, place, situation, stratum, level, rank: By virtue of

her high estate, she is entitled to certain privileges. 4
development, Brit (housing or industrial or trading) estate:
They live in a council house on an estate near Reading.


esteem v. 1 respect, value, treasure, prize, cherish, hold dear,
appreciate, admire, look up to, regard highly, venerate, revere,
reverence, honour, defer to; like, love, adore: The novels of
Virginia Woolf were greatly esteemed by a small intellectual
group. 2 consider, judge, deem, view, regard, hold, estimate,
account, believe, think, rate, rank, reckon, evaluate: The Duke
was esteemed throughout Europe as 'the perfect knight'.

--n. 3 estimation, (high) regard, respect, (high) opinion,
favour, admiration, appreciation, approval, approbation: He
holds her talents in very high esteem. My esteem for your
father's accomplishments is undiminished.

estimable adj. esteemed, respectable, respected, admirable, admired,
valuable, valued, creditable, worthy, meritorious, reputable,
honoured, honourable, laudable, praiseworthy, commendable,
excellent, good: I want you to meet my estimable friend,
Esterhazy.

estimate v. 1 approximate, gauge, determine, judge, guess; assess,
appraise, value, evaluate, reckon, calculate, work out, Colloq
guestimate or guesstimate: Experts estimated the cost of
restoration at œ10,000. 2 consider, think, believe, guess,
conjecture, judge: I estimate our chances of success as very
low.


--n. 3 approximation, gauge, guess, conjecture, assessment,
appraisal, evaluation, reckoning, calculation, Colloq guestimate
or guesstimate: What is your estimate of the company's value?
4 estimation, belief, opinion, judgement, thinking, feeling,
sentiment, sense, (point of) view, viewpoint: My estimate of
his abilities is that he is not the man for the job.

estimation
n. 1 opinion, judgement, view, (way of) thinking, mind: In my
estimation, the scheme will fail. 2 esteem, regard, respect,
admiration: Her estimation of his talent is unflagging. 3
estimate, approximation, guess, gauge: You must make an
estimation of the value for insurance purposes.


estranged adj. alienated, divided, separated, withdrawn, disaffected,
driven apart, dissociated, disassociated: Iain Carstairs has
had a lot of trouble with his estranged wife.


5.16 etch...
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etch v. 1 engrave, incise, carve, inscribe, grave, cut, score,
scratch, corrode, eat into: After the design has been painted
on, acid is used to etch the metal plate. 2 impress, imprint,
engrave, ingrain: The scene will be etched into my memory
forever.


eternal adj. 1 everlasting, timeless, infinite, endless, immortal,
limitless: They pledged eternal love for one another. 2
unending, endless, ceaseless, unceasing, incessant, perpetual,
constant, continuous, interminable, uninterrupted, non-stop,
unremitting, persistent, relentless; continual, recurrent: I'm
sick and tired of my neighbours' eternal arguing. 3 unchanged,
unchanging, immutable, invariable, unvarying, unalterable,
permanent, fixed, constant, everlasting, enduring, lasting,
undiminished, unfaltering, unwavering: To the north there was
only the eternal silence of the greatest desolation.

eternity n. endlessness, everlastingness, unendingness, boundlessness,
perpetuity, timelessness, infinity: Many religions believe in
the eternity of the soul.


ethical adj. moral, upright, righteous, right, just, principled,
correct, honest, proper, open, decent, fair, good, virtuous,
straightforward, high-minded, noble: It wasn't ethical of him
to disclose details of the report.


etiquette n. code (of behaviour), form, convention, ceremony,
formalities, protocol, rules, custom(s), decorum, propriety,
politesse, politeness, courtesy, (good) manners, civility,
seemliness: Etiquette requires that you address me as 'Sir'.


5.17 eulogize...
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eulogize v. praise, extol, laud, applaud, compliment, sound or sing the
praises of, acclaim; appreciate, honour; flatter: Kirk was
eulogized for his contribution to space travel.


eulogy n. praise, commendation, acclaim, acclamation, tribute,
compliment, applause, homage, plaudits, encomium, accolade,
paean, panegyric: The eulogy listed Wotton's many achievements.


euphemism n. amelioration, mollification, mitigation, cushioning,
Technical paradiastole: Euphemism is saying 'not too good' when
you mean 'bad' or 'awful'.

5.18 evacuate...
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evacuate v. 1 empty, clear (out), exhaust, drain, deplete, purge, get
rid of, void, discharge, vent; divest, deprive: In cases of
poisoning, they first evacuate the stomach. 2 vacate, desert,
leave, depart (from), withdraw or retire (from), go away (from),
quit, relinquish, abandon, decamp (from), move or pull out (of
or from): When the enemy approached, the troops evacuated the
area. 3 relocate, move: Thousands were evacuated to a safe
distance when the bomb was discovered.

evade v. 1 avoid, elude, dodge, sidestep, escape (from); get away
(from), get out of, duck, circumvent, shirk, Colloq chiefly US
and Canadian weasel out (of): The prisoner evaded capture.
Don't evade your responsibilities. 2 quibble, equivocate,
tergiversate, manoeuvre, hedge, shuffle, fudge, fence, parry,
Colloq waffle, Slang cop out: The witness continued to evade
the barrister's questions.


evaluate v. 1 value, appraise, assess: You must be an expert to
evaluate netsuke. 2 judge, rank, rate, gauge, estimate,
approximate, calculate, reckon, compute, figure, quantify,
determine, ascertain: How can they evaluate your importance to
the project?


evaluation
n. 1 appraisal, valuation, assessment: The insurance company
refused to accept a higher evaluation on my house. 2 estimate,

estimation, approximation, rating, opinion, ranking, judgement,
reckoning, figuring, calculation, computation, determination:
The committee meets annually to discuss the evaluation of each
employee's contribution.


evaporate v. 1 vaporize; boil off or out; dehydrate, desiccate: Much of
the surplus liquid will evaporate during cooking. 2 disappear,
disperse, dissipate, vanish, evanesce, evanish, dispel; fade
(away), melt away, dissolve: Opposition to his appointment
seems to have evaporated.

evaporation
n. 1 vaporization, drying (up or out), dehydration,
desiccation, exsiccation, parching, searing: Clouds are formed
by the evaporation of terrestrial water. 2 disappearance,
dispersion, dispelling, dissipation, evanescence,
dematerialization, dissolution, fading (away), melting (away):
He was pleased to note the evaporation of all serious
opposition.


evasion n. 1 escape, avoidance, shirking, dodging: They disapproved of
his evasion of his civic duties. 2 subterfuge, deception,
deceit, chicane or chicanery, artifice, cunning, trickery,
sophistry, excuse, dodging, prevarication, lying, fudging,
evasiveness, quibbling, equivocation, double-talk: All the
interviewers' questions were met with evasion.

evasive adj. devious, indirect, equivocating, equivocal, misleading,
oblique, ambiguous, sophistical, casuistic, shifty, dissembling,
cunning, tricky, deceitful, Colloq cagey, Jesuitical: When
asked if he had visited her, he gave an evasive reply. She too
was evasive about how she had spent the evening.

eve n. 1 evening or day or night before, time or period before;
vigil: It was Christmas Eve, and we went out carolling. 2
verge, threshold, brink: We met on the eve of my departure for
Hungary.

even adj. 1 smooth, flat, plane, level, regular, uniform, flush,
straight, true: Sand the edges till they are even. 2
Sometimes, even with. level or uniform (with), coextensive
(with), flush (with), parallel (with or to): Make sure that the
lines at the bottom of the columns are even. Is that board even

with the others? 3 steady, regular, consistent, constant,
uniform, unvaried, unvarying, methodical, unchanging, set,
equable, stable, measured, metrical, rhythmical, orderly,
ordered, monotonous, unbroken, uninterrupted: We walked along
at an even pace. 4 even-tempered, calm, equable, composed,
placid, serene, peaceful, cool, tranquil, unruffled,
imperturbable, undisturbed, impassive, steady, temperate,
equanimous, self-possessed, sober, staid, sedate, sober-sided:
People of even disposition are unexcited, unexcitable, and
unexciting. 5 balanced, equal, the same, identical, coequal,
level, drawn, on a par, tied, neck and neck; equivalent, Colloq
fifty-fifty, Brit level pegging, US even Steven: At half-time
the scores were even. I have an even chance of getting the job.
6 square, quits, equal: If I pay for this round, we'll be even.
7 fair (and square), square, impartial, disinterested, neutral,
just, even-handed, equitable, straightforward, on the level,
honest, upright, unbiased, unprejudiced: See that you make an
even distribution of the food parcels. 8 exact, precise, round,
rounded off or out or up or down: The bill came to an even
fifty pounds. 9 get even (with). repay, revenge oneself (on),
even or settle accounts or the score (with), requite,
reciprocate, retaliate, be revenged: I'll get even with her for
telling my mother. Whenever he feels that he's been insulted, he
wants to get even.


--adv. 10 still, yet; all the (more), indeed, (more) than ever:
He is even dumber than I thought. He is in debt to everyone,
even his daughter. 11 Sometimes, even with or though.
notwithstanding, despite, in spite of, disregarding: Even with
delays, we arrived on time. 12 even so. nevertheless,
nonetheless, still, yet, notwithstanding, all the same, in spite
of that, despite that: He refused to attend; even so, we sent
him an invitation.


--v. 13 Usually, even up or out. smooth, flatten, level,
equalize; align: This road will be fine when they even out the
bumps. 14 even out or up. equalize, balance (out), settle;
compensate: Unfortunately, our profits and our expenses evened
out.


evening n. nightfall, eventide, dusk, sunset, sundown, p.m., Literary
gloaming: The Klincks will join us for dinner this evening.

event n. 1 occurrence, happening, incident, episode, occasion,
circumstance, affair, experience: An event then took place that
changed the course of his life. 2 issue, outcome, consequence,
result, conclusion, upshot, end, effect: There is no merit in
preparing for a disaster after the event. 3 at all events or in
any event. come what may, in any case, at any rate, regardless,
anyhow, anyway: At all events, we were ready and waiting when
the raid started. 4 in the event. in the reality or actuality,
as it or things turned out, at the time, when it happened: In
the event, we left as soon as we could.

eventful adj. busy, full, active, lively, exciting, interesting;
important, significant, signal, consequential, notable,
noteworthy, momentous, memorable: What with your wedding and
the birth of your son, it certainly has been an eventful week.

eventual adj. 1 ultimate, final, last, concluding, resulting: The
eventual cost is impossible to forecast. 2 due, expected,
anticipated, inevitable, likely, consequent, resulting,
resultant, foreordained, preordained, unavoidable, destined,
predestined, unavoidable, ineluctable, probable: As they cannot
afford the mortgage payments, they are faced with the eventual
loss of their home.


eventuality
n. circumstance, contingency, event, occurrence, happening,
case; likelihood, chance, possibility, probability: We must
prepare for the eventuality of war.


eventually
adv. ultimately, finally, at last, in the end or long run, at
the end of the day, sooner or later, when all is said and done,
in the final analysis, in due course, in (the course of) time,
after all: We must all die eventually.


ever adv. 1 at all, (at) any time, at any point or period, on any
occasion, in any case, by any chance: Do you ever visit London?
2 always, for ever, yet, still, even, at all times, in all
cases, eternally, perpetually, endlessly, everlastingly,
constantly, continuously, continually, for ever and a day, till
the end of time, till the cows come home, till doomsday; all the
time: He is ever the one to make us laugh. Literacy is becoming
ever more important.


everlasting
adj. eternal, deathless, undying, immortal, infinite, timeless;
never-ending, perpetual, constant, continual, continuous,
permanent, unceasing, incessant, interminable, endless: They
believed in everlasting punishment after death. I wish that dog
would stop its everlasting barking.

everyday adj. 1 daily, day-to-day, quotidian, diurnal; circadian: In
our family a big breakfast was an everyday occurrence. 2
commonplace, common, ordinary, customary, regular, habitual,
routine, usual, run-of-the-mill, unexceptional, accustomed,
conventional, familiar: She found herself unable to cope with
everyday tasks that she used to take in her stride. 3 prosaic,
mundane, dull, unimaginative, unexciting, mediocre, inferior:
These are very everyday paintings of little value.

everyone pron. everybody, all (and sundry), one and all, each and every
one or person, the whole world, everybody under the sun, every
Tom, Dick, and Harry: Everyone will want to come to my party.

everything
pron. all, all things, the aggregate, the (whole or entire)
lot, the total, the entirety, Colloq the whole kit and caboodle,
the whole shooting match, Chiefly US and Canadian the whole
shebang: Everything was destroyed in the earthquake.

everywhere
adv. in all places, in or to each or every place or part, in
every nook and cranny, high and low, far and wide, near and far;
ubiquitously, universally, globally; throughout: She went
everywhere searching for clues. The smell of jasmine was
everywhere. Errors occur everywhere in his writings.


evict v. oust, dislodge, turn out (of house and home), expel, eject,
remove, dispossess, put out, Law disseise or disseize, Colloq
toss or throw or kick or boot out, Brit turf out: The landlord
evicted us for non-payment of rent.


eviction n. ouster, dispossession, dislodgement, expulsion, ejection,
removal, Law disseisin or disseizin, Colloq the boot: His
eviction from the club was for refusing to wear a tie.

evidence n. 1 proof, ground(s), fact(s), data, basis, support,
verification, attestation, affirmation, confirmation,
validation, corroboration, substantiation, documentation,
certification: Have we enough evidence to convict the suspects?
2 testimony, statement, deposition, affidavit, averment,
assertion: The prosecution will present its evidence tomorrow.
3 indication, sign, mark, token, manifestation, demonstration,
hint, suggestion, clue, trace, smoking gun: There is evidence
that there are mice in the house.


--v. 4 demonstrate, show, display, manifest, signify, exhibit,
reveal, denote, attest, prove, evince, testify, (bear) witness:
The destruction of the forests is evidenced by the open plains.


evident adj. clear, obvious, plain, apparent, manifest, patent,
palpable, conspicuous, clear-cut, express, unmistakable,
incontrovertible, understandable, comprehensible, recognizable,
perceptible, perceivable, discernible, noticeable: It was
evident that someone had been tampering with the mechanism.


evidently adv. 1 clearly, obviously, plainly, manifestly, palpably,
apparently, patently, indubitably, undoubtedly, doubtless(ly),
without a doubt, indisputably, incontestably, incontrovertibly,
undeniably, unquestionably, surely, certainly, to be sure: He
is evidently the culprit. 2 apparently, outwardly, seemingly,
it would seem, so it seems, as far as one can see or tell, to
all appearances, ostensibly: Evidently, there were two people
here, not just one.


evil adj. 1 bad, awful, wrong, immoral, wicked, sinful, nefarious,
iniquitous, base, corrupt, vile, accursed, damnable, villainous,
heinous, infamous, flagitious, foul, nasty, abominable,
atrocious, horrible, horrid, ghastly, grisly, dreadful,
depraved, vicious, malevolent, maleficent, malefic,
black-hearted, evil-minded: He was an evil tyrant who killed
anyone who opposed him. 2 treacherous, traitorous, perfidious,
insidious, unscrupulous, unprincipled, dishonest, dishonourable,
crooked, criminal, felonious, knavish, sinister, underhand(ed),
dirty, corrupt: He thought up an evil plan for getting rid of
his wife. 3 harmful, destructive, hurtful, injurious,
mischievous, detrimental, ruinous, deleterious, disastrous,
catastrophic, pernicious, noxious, malignant, malign, virulent,
toxic, poisonous, deadly, lethal: Evil policies were

promulgated against minority groups, and racist attacks
abounded. 4 unfortunate, unlucky, ominous, inauspicious, dire,
unpropitious, calamitous, infelicitous, woeful: Their business
had fallen on evil times. 5 bad, offensive, disgusting,
repulsive, awful, nasty, mephitic, noxious, foul, pestilential,
putrid, vile; disagreeable, unpleasant: An evil odour permeated
the crypt.

--n. 6 badness, sin, vice, wickedness, iniquity, turpitude,
immorality, profligacy, depravity, degeneracy, corruption,
degradation, devilry or deviltry, villainy, nefariousness,
viciousness, vileness, heinousness, flagitiousness, baseness,
foulness: The evil that men do lives after them, the good is
oft interred with their bones. 7 harm, hurt, injury, mischief,
damage, ruin, calamity, misfortune, catastrophe, destruction,
disaster, cataclysm; ill, misery, suffering, pain, sorrow, woe,
agony, anguish: Evil befell the residents of Pompeii.

evil-minded
adj. 1 dirty(-minded), smutty, obscene, depraved, lewd,
lascivious, lecherous, salacious, licentious, filthy, nasty;
foul-mouthed: Those anonymous phone calls were made by some
evil-minded degenerate. 2 wicked, sinful, flagitious, vicious,
hateful, malicious, spiteful, malevolent, evil, bad: The
evil-minded old witch grabbed Hansel and Gretel.

evoke v. summon (up), call up or forth, elicit, conjure up, invoke,
recall, reawake(n), (a)wake, wake(n), (a)rouse, raise: Seeing
her again evoked fond memories.


evolution n. development, advance, growth, progress, progression,
phylogeny, evolvement, developing, growing, evolving, formation,
maturation, production: This book traces the evolution of the
aeroplane. His treatise is on the evolution of insects.


5.19 exact...
=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-



exact adj. 1 precise, accurate, correct, faithful, true, faultless,
identical, literal, perfect, consummate: This is an exact copy
of the original. Were those her exact words? 2 careful,
meticulous, strict, rigorous, accurate, exacting, severe,

fastidious, scrupulous, thorough, painstaking, rigid,
punctilious: He has conducted the most exact experiments.

--v. 3 demand, extort, require, enforce, insist on or upon,
extract, impose, wrest, compel, enjoin, call for, requisition,
claim: The chief exacted tribute before releasing the
prisoners.

exacting adj. demanding, rigorous, difficult, rigid, stern, hard, tough,
severe, harsh, burdensome, taxing, stringent, imperative,
unsparing, oppressive, tyrannical: I know of no more exacting
job than that of air traffic controller.

exactly adv. 1 accurately, precisely, strictly, perfectly, correctly,
unerringly, faultlessly, faithfully, scrupulously, literally, to
the letter, word for word, verbatim, closely; methodically,
systematically: She translated the passage exactly, with no
errors. 2 definitely, absolutely, positively, undeniably,
surely, certainly, unequivocally, completely, in every respect,
in all respects, particularly, specifically, explicitly, just,
quite, expressly, precisely, accurately, truly, Colloq Brit bang
on: This is exactly the kind of house we want.

exaggerate
v. overstate, magnify, inflate, overdraw, embroider, embellish,
elaborate, enlarge, stretch, romance, overemphasize, overstress,
overplay, overdo, exalt, hyperbolize, paint, Colloq lay it on
thick, play up, pile it on: She exaggerates when she claims to
be the best actress in the world. He believes the health risks
are exaggerated.

exaggeration
n. overstatement, magnification, inflation, embroidery,
embellishment, elaboration, enlargement, stretch,
romanticization, extravagance, overemphasis, excess, exaltation,
enhancement, hyperbole; empty talk, bombast, bragging, boasting,
boastfulness, magniloquence, Literary gasconade, rodomontade,
Colloq fish story, puffery, Slang bull(shit), hot air: It was a
press agent's exaggeration to call the movie a 'colossal epic'.


exalt v. 1 elevate, raise or lift (up or on high), upraise, uplift,
upgrade, boost, promote, advance: The goalkeeper was exalted to
heroic status by the fans. 2 praise, honour, extol, glorify,

idolize, dignify, ennoble, revere, reverence, venerate, pay
homage or tribute to, celebrate; lionize: O magnify the Lord
with me, and let us exalt His name together. 3 stimulate,
excite, animate, (a)rouse, fire, inspire, electrify, awaken,
spur, stir (up), inspirit: Certain drugs have the effect of
exalting the imagination.

exalted adj. 1 elevated, lofty, high, eminent, notable, noted,
prominent, famous, famed, celebrated, distinguished, dignified,
honoured, prestigious, glorified, sublime, grand: During his
later life he enjoyed an exalted reputation. 2 elevated, noble,
lofty, superior, uplifting, heightened, high-flown; exaggerated,
pretentious, overblown, inflated: His writing is euphuistic,
that is, flowery or exalted. She has an exalted notion of her
importance. 3 elated, excited, exultant, ecstatic, jubilant,
overjoyed, joyful, rapturous, transported, blissful, happy,
joyous, in seventh heaven, uplifted, Colloq on cloud nine, Brit
over the moon: They were in too exalted a mood to be interested
in such mundane matters.


examination
n. 1 investigation, scrutiny, study, analysis, inspection,
inquiry or enquiry, probe, search, exploration, research,
survey, going-over, check-up, check(out), appraisal, assessment:
Examination of the finances revealed a secret Swiss bank
account. 2 testing, test, quiz, exam: There will be a written
examination on Friday. 3 interrogation, inquisition, inquiry or
enquiry, catechism, cross-examination, Colloq third degree,
grill(ing): Examination of the prisoners is left to
intelligence officers.

examine v. 1 investigate, scrutinize, study, peruse, scan, pore over,
analyse, sift, inspect, inquire or enquire into, go over or
through or into, look over or into, probe, search, explore,
research, survey, check up on, check (out), appraise, assess,
weigh, Brit vet, Slang case: The theory will be examined
thoroughly. 2 test; interrogate, quiz, catechize,
cross-examine, question, sound out, Colloq grill, pump: The
director closely examined all applicants for the position.


example n. 1 instance, case, sample, specimen, illustration: If this
is an example of your work, I'm afraid we aren't interested. 2
model, prototype, standard, archetype, exemplar, pattern,

benchmark, norm, criterion: You should set an example to the
children. 3 warning, admonition, lesson: The judge made an
example of him by giving him the maximum sentence. 4 for
example. for instance, as a case in point, as an illustration or
example, by way of illustration, to illustrate, e.g. or eg,
exempli gratia: Consider, for example, the following poem by
Wordsworth.

exasperate
v. 1 anger, infuriate, enrage, incense, madden, rile, drive
mad; embitter; inflame; Colloq drive crazy, drive up the wall:
Dealing with a bureaucracy can be exasperating for anyone. 2
irritate, irk, annoy, bother, harass, pique, gall, nettle,
rankle, provoke, vex, pester, torment, plague; hector, badger,
Colloq bug, needle, peeve, get, get under (someone's) skin, rub
(up) the wrong way, aggravate, Slang get (someone's) goat, piss
(someone) off: The child's constant questions were beginning to
exasperate me.


excavate v. 1 dig (out or up), hollow or gouge (out), scoop out, burrow
or cut (out): They are excavating a great hole in the centre of
the site. 2 unearth, uncover, expose, clear, lay bare, dig up,
disinter, bring up, exhume: A large part of Pompeii has been
excavated.


excavation
n. cavity, hole, pit, crater, cut, ditch, trench, trough,
burrow, hollow, shaft, tunnel; mine, quarry: Concrete for the
foundations will be poured into the excavation.


exceed v. 1 surpass, top, excel, be superior to, go beyond, beat,
overwhelm, better, outdistance, pass, overtake, outstrip,
outrank, outrun, outdo, outpace, transcend, outshine, outreach,
overshadow, eclipse: The success of the new product exceeded
our expectations. 2 overstep, go beyond, overextend: His
behaviour exceeded the bounds of decency.

exceeding adj. great, huge, enormous, extraordinary, excessive,
exceptional, surpassing: The exceeding poverty of the people is
heart-rending.

exceedingly
adv. very, extremely, especially, exceptionally, considerably,

incomparably, immeasurably, extraordinarily, remarkably;
excessively, greatly, hugely, enormously: She plays the violin
exceedingly well. Even for a dog, that is an exceedingly ugly
dog.


excel v. surpass, be superior (to), dominate, top, exceed, go beyond,
beat, outstrip, outrank, outdo, outpace, outshine, overshadow,
eclipse; shine, be pre-eminent: Few places excel the Caribbean
islands for beauty. He really excels when it comes to swimming.


excellence
n. superiority, merit, (high) quality, goodness, fineness,
greatness, prominence, eminence, pre-eminence, distinction,
value, worth, supremacy: Those who attain excellence often
devote their lives to one pursuit.

excellent adj. superb, outstanding, exceptional, superior, matchless,
peerless, unequalled, without equal, nonpareil, supreme,
superlative, sterling, capital, first-class, first-rate, prime,
choice, select, distinguished, noteworthy, notable, worthy, the
best, tiptop, admirable, splendid, remarkable, marvellous,
extraordinary, Colloq A-1 or A-one, great, smashing, super,
terrific, fantastic, Brit magic, Dialectal champion,
Old-fashioned top-hole, ripping, tickety-boo, US A number 1,
major, Australian bonzer, Slang cool, ripsnorting: Thank you
for an excellent dinner. He is an excellent pianist.

except prep. 1 Sometimes except for. excepting, save, but, excluding,
exclusive of, barring, bar, with the exception of, omitting, not
counting, apart from, but for, other than, saving: There was no
one there except us. Except for us, no one came.

--conj. 2 except that. except or but (for the fact) that, but,
save that: He would have gone except that he has no car.


--v. 3 exclude, omit, leave out, excuse: As usual, the wealthy
were excepted from the tax increase.

exception n. 1 exclusion, omission: With the exception of those who are
absent, all members are entitled to a free T-shirt. 2 debarment,
blockage, lockout, shut-out: His wife was deeply offended by
his exception from membership of the country club. 3 departure,
anomaly, irregularity, special case; oddity, freak, rarity,

peculiarity, quirk: The exception proves the rule. Why does Viv
always have to be an exception? 4 take exception (to). make or
raise (an) objection (to or against), object (to), demur (at),
find fault (with), take offence or umbrage (at), be offended
(at); (call into) question, cavil, quibble, challenge, oppose,
disagree (with): She takes exception to everything I suggest.
If you propose to ban smoking at the meeting, will some people
take exception?


exceptionable
adj. objectionable, disputable, questionable, criticizable,
unacceptable, unsatisfactory: We found nothing exceptionable
about the service.


exceptional
adj. 1 special, unusual, especial, out of the ordinary,
extraordinary, uncommon, rare, singular; strange, irregular,
aberrant, odd, peculiar, anomalous: The candlesticks turned out
to be of exceptional value. He insisted that rainstorms in the
Sahara were not exceptional. 2 gifted, talented, superior,
outstanding, above average, excellent, prodigious,
extraordinary: Your child is exceptional, Mrs Einstein. 3
handicapped, below average, deficient, Brit ESN (='educationally
subnormal'): The boy attends a school for exceptional children.


excerpt n. 1 extract, selection, quotation, citation, passage,
pericope: The speaker read excerpts from well-known writers.

--v. 2 extract, select, quote, cite, cull (out), pick (out),
take: Parts of this book were excerpted from his earlier
writings.

excess n. 1 surplus, over-abundance, overflow, superabundance,
nimiety, superfluity, surfeit, plethora, glut, redundancy,
over-sufficiency, supererogation, leftovers; overkill: The
excess of income over expenses constitutes profit. There is an
excess of water on the road after a rainstorm. 2 Often,
excesses. debauchery, extravagance, immoderation, prodigality,
overindulgence, intemperance, dissipation, dissoluteness:
Because of their excesses they have been shunned by their
friends.

--adj. 3 surplus, extra, superfluous, excessive, leftover,

residual, remaining: After paying the bills, any excess money
goes into savings.

excessive adj. 1 immoderate, inordinate, disproportionate, extravagant,
exorbitant, superfluous, excess, undue, enormous, extreme,
unreasonable, unwarranted, unjustifiable, outrageous,
unconscionable: This job is making excessive demands on my
time. 2 overdone, fulsome, cloying, nauseating, disgusting: I
was sickened by her excessive sweetness.


exchange v. 1 trade, barter, switch, change, interchange, reciprocate,
return, Colloq swap or swop: We exchange gifts every Christmas.

--n. 2 trade, barter, change, traffic, commerce, dealing,
truck, transfer, interchange, reciprocity, reciprocation,
switch, quid pro quo, tit for tat, Colloq swap or swop: An
exchange of prisoners was negotiated. What can I do for you in
exchange? 3 altercation, argument, quarrel, disagreement,
unpleasantness: We had a brief exchange, then he struck me. 4
market, stock market, Stock Exchange, securities exchange, the
Market, the Board, the Big Board, the Exchange, the Bourse, Wall
Street, US the Street: The exchange reported little activity in
anticipation of the finance minister's speech.


excitable adj. volatile, jumpy, apprehensive, nervous, restive, restless,
fidgety, edgy, touchy, highly-strung, high-strung, mercurial,
emotional, quick-tempered, testy, hot-blooded, feverish,
hysterical, US on a short string: The director becomes very
excitable before each performance.


excite v. 1 (a)rouse, spur (on), stir (up), move, animate, enliven,
activate, motivate, invigorate, energize, stimulate, cause,
provoke, prod, agitate, incite, quicken, urge, (a)wake,
(a)waken, call forth, summon (up), elicit, inspire, inspirit,
rally, galvanize, electrify, foment, fire (up), inflame, kindle,
ignite, initiate, instigate, generate, occasion, begin, start,
bring about, effect, set in motion, Colloq get going, spark,
wind up, get (someone) (all) steamed up, hop up, US kick-start,
light a fire under: The speech excited the crowd's patriotic
fervour. 2 agitate, disturb, perturb, stir up, discompose,
fluster, ruffle, upset, disconcert: Don't excite the horses. 3
thrill, stir up, titillate, work up, arouse, inflame: Risqu‚
films are intended to excite viewers.


excited adj. 1 (a)roused, stirred (up), stimulated, agitated,
disturbed, perturbed, upset, worked up, wrought up, wound up,
keyed up, overwrought, discomposed, disconcerted, discomfited,
nervous, edgy, on edge, uneasy, flustered, ruffled, fidgety,
frantic, frenetic, aflame, feverish, frenzied, hysterical,
beside oneself, Colloq itchy, (all) hot and bothered, high, on a
high, off the deep end, out of one's mind: Turner was in a very
excited state by the time the police arrived. Don't get so
excited just because he called you a name. 2 ardent, zealous,
impassioned, passionate, eager, energized, energetic, active,
brisk, animated, lively, spirited, fervid, fervent, vehement,
stimulated, enthusiastic, galvanized, electrified, intoxicated,
Colloq turned on: The excited children scrambled into the boat.
She becomes excited listening to rock 'n' roll.

excitement
n. 1 restlessness, disquiet, disquietude, tension, agitation,
unrest, malaise, discomfort, jumpiness, nervousness,
freneticness, excitation: He had to give the patient an
injection to quell her excitement. 2 perturbation, upset,
action, ado, activity, ferment, furore or US furor, turmoil,
tumult, to-do, stir, commotion, hubbub, brouhaha, fuss,
hurly-burly, Colloq fireworks: The robbery caused a lot of
excitement at the bank. 3 animation, eagerness, enthusiasm,
exhilaration, ebullience: She could hardly contain her
excitement at winning the lottery.

exciting adj. 1 stimulating, intoxicating, heady, thrilling, stirring,
moving, inspiring, rousing, exhilarating, electrifying,
galvanizing, energizing, invigorating; overwhelming,
overpowering, astounding, astonishing, amazing, mind-boggling,
Colloq far-out, rip-roaring, mind-blowing: Orbiting the world
in the space shuttle was the most exciting experience of my
life. 2 seductive, sensuous, voluptuous, ravishing, captivating,
charming, tempting, enticing, alluring, provocative,
titillating, Colloq sexy: Fenella is truly an exciting young
woman.


exclaim v. call or cry (out), proclaim, vociferate, utter, declare,
ejaculate, shout, yell, bawl, bellow, burst out (with), blurt
out, Colloq holler: 'It's a girl!' he exclaimed.

exclamation
n. outcry, call, cry, utterance, ejaculation, interjection,
vociferation, shout, yell, bellow, Colloq holler: She gave an
exclamation of surprise at seeing me there.


exclude v. 1 Often, exclude from. keep out or away, lock or shut out,
ban, bar, debar, prohibit, interdict, forbid, proscribe, deny,
refuse, disallow: Women are excluded from participating in
certain religious ceremonies. Must we exclude Maria, too? 2
eliminate, leave out, reject, omit, except, preclude, repudiate,
count out: Exclude them from consideration as candidates. 3
eject, evict, expel, oust, get rid of, remove, throw out, Colloq
toss out, Slang bounce: He was excluded from the club because
of his behaviour.


exclusion n. 1 lockout, shut-out, ban, bar, prohibition, interdiction,
forbiddance, denial, refusal, disallowance, proscription: He
would not join a club that supported the exclusion of women
members. 2 elimination, rejection, omission, repudiation,
exception, preclusion: We must ensure the exclusion of
unqualified candidates. 3 ejection, eviction, expulsion,
ouster, removal, riddance: The exclusion of rowdies and
hooligans is in the club's best interests.


exclusive adj. 1 incompatible, inimical; unshared, unique, absolute,
restricted, limited: Exclusive concepts, like 'animal' and
'vegetable', do not coincide save in their both being 'alive'.
Our newspaper printed the exclusive story of the disaster. 2
chic, clannish, choice, upper-class, aristocratic, closed,
restricted, restrictive, private, snobbish, fashionable,
elegant, stylish, select, Colloq trendy, Slang classy: They are
seen in the most exclusive nightclubs. 3 only, single, one,
sole, singular, unique: Boats are the exclusive means of
transport here. 4 Usually, exclusive of. excluding, excepting,
except for, omitting, ignoring, leaving aside, apart from,
(de)barring, not counting, eliminating: Charges range from $220
to $350 a night, exclusive of meals.

excruciating
adj. tormenting, torturing, torturous, agonizing, painful,
racking, intense, extreme, unbearable, unendurable, severe,
acute, exquisite, harrowing, distressful, distressing, piercing,
insufferable: She was racked with excruciating pain.


excursion n. 1 trip, tour, outing, airing, expedition, voyage, cruise,
journey, junket, jaunt; ramble, stroll, walk, hike, trek, drive,
ride, sail: We left the city and took an excursion into the
mountains. 2 detour, deviation, side-trip, diversion,
digression, excursus: Forgive the excursion, but I'll return to
the subject in a minute.

excuse v. 1 forgive, pardon, overlook, absolve, clear, exonerate,
acquit, exculpate, pass over, disregard, wink at, ignore, be
blind to, look the other way, pay no attention or heed (to),
find or prove innocent (of): Please excuse my tardiness. 2
release, let go or off, liberate, free, relieve, exempt,
absolve; dismiss, Colloq let off the hook: She was excused from
attending class today. You may be excused. 3 condone, allow,
permit, defend, apologize for, justify, warrant, explain,
vindicate, rationalize, mitigate, extenuate, palliate: Poverty
does not excuse your stealing.


--n. 4 apology, explanation, story, reason, justification,
defence, plea, vindication, condonation, rationalization,
extenuation, mitigation, palliation; basis, grounds, foundation,
cause: Can you think of any excuse for your behaviour? 5
forgiveness, remission, pardon, indulgence, reprieve, clearing,
exculpation, absolution, exoneration, acquittal, disregard,
heedlessness, vindication, clearance, acquittance: Ignorance of
the law is not an excuse. 6 evasion, subterfuge, pretence,
pretext, makeshift, escape, loophole, way out, Colloq alibi,
stall, Slang cop-out: He always uses his grandmother's illness
as an excuse for missing school.

execute v. 1 accomplish, do, carry out or off or through, perform,
discharge, dispatch or despatch, bring about or off, implement,
engineer, cause, Colloq pull off, put over, Slang US swing, cut,
hack (out): She executes her duties satisfactorily. 2
complete, finish, deliver; achieve, consummate, fulfil, effect,
effectuate; sign, seal, validate, countersign: He executed the
portrait in an hour. The contract was executed yesterday. 3 put
to death, kill, put to the sword, butcher; liquidate,
assassinate, murder, remove, slay, Slang bump off, rub or wipe
out, snuff (out), knock off, US waste, ice: Convicted murderers
are no longer executed in this country. The mob executed the
rival gangleaders.


execution n. 1 accomplishment, performance, carrying out, doing,
discharge, dispatch or despatch, implementation, prosecution,
realization, enactment: His drinking interferes with the
execution of his responsibilities. 2 completion, fulfilment,
consummation, achievement, attainment, implementation, bringing
about, administration, pursuance: The company will pay ten
thousand dollars upon execution of the agreement. 3 killing,
capital punishment; assassination, murder, removal, liquidation,
slaying: The traitor's execution is tomorrow. There has been
another gangland style execution. 4 skill, art, mastery,
technique, style, manner, mode, touch, approach, delivery,
rendering, rendition, production: The cellist's execution was
superb.


executive n. 1 chairman (of the board), director, managing director,
chief executive, president, chief (executive officer), CEO,
manager, head, leader, principal, administrator, official;
supervisor, foreman, superintendent, overseer, boss, master,
Colloq Mr Big, (chief or head) honcho, number one, kingpin,
Slang top banana, big cheese, numero uno, top dog: She is an
executive in the local power company. 2 administration,
management, directorship, directorate, government, leadership,
supervision: Five people form the executive of the society.


--adj. 3 administrative, managerial, supervisory, official,
governing, governmental, gubernatorial, regulatory: He works in
the executive department of the government.


exemplary adj. 1 illustrative, typical, characteristic, representative,
archetypal; paradigmatic: The text contains passages exemplary
of good writing. 2 model, meritorious, outstanding, noteworthy,
admirable, commendable, praiseworthy, excellent, superior:
Private Jones is an exemplary soldier. 3 cautionary,
admonitory, warning, monitory: In addition to payment for the
damage, we were awarded exemplary damages.

exemplify v. 1 illustrate, typify, represent, epitomize, instance;
embody, personify: This painting exemplifies Picasso's blue
period. 2 demonstrate, display, show, exhibit, model, depict:
Early Mediterranean civilization is exemplified at Knossos.

exempt v. 1 Often, exempt from. free or liberate or release from,

excuse or relieve from, spare from, let off, absolve, except,
Colloq let off the hook: The doctor exempted Becker from
strenuous activity.


--adj. 2 exempted, free, liberated, released, excused,
relieved, spared, let off, excepted, immune, Colloq off the
hook: It seems that Becker is now exempt from doing any work.

exemption n. exception, immunity, freedom, release, impunity,
dispensation, exclusion: This document confirms his exemption
from jury service.

exercise v. 1 employ, use, apply, practise, bring to bear, put to use or
effect; discharge, exert, wield, execute; utilize, effect: Try
to exercise better judgement next time. The chairman exercises
too much authority. 2 work out, limber up, warm up, train,
drill: She exercises for an hour every day. 3 harass, annoy,
irritate, vex, harry, distress, worry, concern, burden, try,
trouble, perturb, disturb, agitate, make nervous, Colloq drive
crazy, drive up the wall: We have been much exercised over the
issue of acid rain.

--n. 4 activity, workout, working-out, warm-up, warming up,
callisthenics, aerobics, isometrics, gymnastics; training,
drill, drilling: Exercise is good for the heart. 5 action,
application, practice, performance, discharge, use, utilization,
employment, execution, operation: We expect the exercise of
your best endeavours.


exert v. 1 exercise, use, utilize, put to use or work or effect,
employ, wield, bring to bear, bring into play, expend: Please
exert your influence to have his conviction quashed. 2 exert
oneself. attempt, try, endeavour, make an effort, apply oneself,
strive, do one's best, work, strain, struggle, toil, push, drive
(oneself), go all out, give one's all, Colloq knock oneself out,
cudgel one's brains, beat one's brains out, do one's damnedest,
Slang bust a gut: If Peter exerted himself a bit more, we might
see some results.


exertion n. action, effort, striving, strain, work, struggle, toil,
drive, push, diligence, industry, assiduity, assiduousness,
sedulousness, sedulity, Colloq US stick-to-it-iveness: By
considerable exertion, we finished on time. He was tired after

all his exertions.

exhalation
n. 1 expiration, exhaling, breath, respiration, suspiration:
The doctor could detect the wheezing only on exhalation. 2
vapour, breath, air, puff, whiff, exhaust, emission, steam,
mist, gas, fog, fume, emanation, effluvium, evaporation:
Poisonous exhalations from vents on the side of the volcano had
destroyed all vegetation.


exhale v. breathe (out), blow, puff, huff, gasp, evaporate, pass off,
discharge, emit, emanate, issue (forth), respire, suspire, give
forth, blow off, eject, expel, exsufflate: Please exhale into
this balloon. The volcano continued to exhale noxious fumes.


exhaust v. 1 use (up), expend, consume, finish, deplete, spend,
dissipate, run through, squander, waste, fritter away, Slang
blow: In less than a year, he had exhausted all his funds. 2
tire (out), fatigue, weary, wear out, enervate, fag, overtire,
sap, strain, tax, weaken, prostrate, debilitate, disable, Colloq
frazzle: Working sixty hours a week would exhaust anyone. 3
empty, drain, evacuate, void, clean or clear out: The pump is
used to exhaust the chamber of air. 4 overdo, overwork, treat
thoroughly, deplete, drain, empty: I think we've exhausted that
topic. 5 empty (out), drain (off or out), vent, issue, escape,
discharge, run out: The fumes exhaust through this tube.

--n. 6 emanation, effluent, emission, fumes, gas: Car exhausts
are polluting the atmosphere.


exhausted adj. 1 (dead) tired, fatigued, weary, wearied, worn out,
enervated, debilitated, overtired, weak, weakened, prostrate,
worn or fagged or played or burnt-out, spent, all in, out on
one's feet, Colloq dog-tired, dead (on one's feet), wiped out,
drained, knocked out, all in, done in, frazzled, Slang (dead)
beat, Brit knackered, US and Canadian pooped: I must sleep: I'm
exhausted. 2 empty, emptied, bare; depleted, consumed, done,
gone, at an end, finished: Our supply of paper-clips is
exhausted. 3 spent, worn out, depleted, impoverished, poor,
infertile, barren: It is impossible to grow anything in this
exhausted soil.

exhausting

adj. 1 tiring, fatiguing, wearying, enervating, wearing,
debilitating: Proofreading these figures can be exhausting. 2
arduous, laborious, back-breaking, strenuous, hard, gruelling,
crippling, difficult, burdensome, onerous: Harvesting sugar is
exhausting work.

exhaustion
n. 1 emptying, drawing out or forth, discharge, draining,
evacuation, voiding, depletion, consumption, finish(ing): The
exhaustion of air from the cylinder is accomplished by a
powerful pump. 2 tiredness, fatigue, enervation, debilitation,
weariness, lassitude: The survivors were suffering from
exposure and exhaustion.


exhaustive
adj. complete, comprehensive, all-inclusive, thorough,
all-encompassing, encyclopedic or encyclopaedic, extensive,
thoroughgoing, far-reaching, sweeping, full-scale, in-depth,
maximal, maximum, Colloq all-out: The police conducted an
exhaustive investigation of the company's finances.

exhibit v. show, display, present, offer, expose; show off, parade,
brandish, flaunt; demonstrate, reveal, betray, manifest,
exemplify, evince, evidence, disclose, express: Her paintings
are widely exhibited. Such behaviour exhibits poor judgement.

exhibition
n. exposition, fair, show(ing), display, demonstration,
presentation, offering, US exhibit, Colloq expo, demo: The
craft exhibition will be held at the civic centre.

exhilarating
adj. 1 invigorating, bracing, stimulating, vivifying,
enlivening, rejuvenating, refreshing, vitalizing, fortifying,
restorative, tonic: We took an exhilarating walk round the
lake. 2 cheering, uplifting, gladdening, elating, inspiriting,
heartening, comforting, reassuring; happy, good, delightful: We
received the exhilarating news of Phoebe's complete recovery.


exile n. 1 expatriation, banishment, expulsion, deportation,
transportation; separation: Napoleon was sentenced to exile on
Elba. 2 expatriate, ‚migr‚(e), emigrant, outcast, deportee,
pariah, displaced person, DP; alien, foreigner, outsider: Many

of the exiles from Nazi Germany settled in Britain.

--v. 3 deport, expel, alienate, banish, expatriate, oust,
eject, displace, transport, drive or run or cast out, outlaw,
exclude, oust, evict, bar, ban; extradite; maroon: Many
criminals were exiled to Australia.

exist v. 1 be, continue, prevail, endure, abide; live, breathe: Some
believe that the universe exists only in our imagination. 2
survive, subsist, eke out a living or an existence, stay alive,
get by or along: How can the family exist only on his pension?
3 occur, happen, be found, be present, remain, persist; obtain,
prevail: A two-foot gap exists between the wall and the roof.
'Status quo' refers to the circumstances that exist.


existence n. 1 being, presence, actuality, fact: Most cultures believe
in the existence of one god or more. 2 life, living;
continuance, continuation, persistence, permanence, duration,
endurance: The early settlers had to struggle for existence. 3
entity, being, creature; ens, quiddity, essence: In Hindu
philosophy, there is no limit to the number of existences.

exit n. 1 way out, egress, door, gate; outlet, vent: Everyone left
by the emergency exit when the alarm rang. This is the exit for
the smoke. 2 departure, leave-taking, withdrawal, leaving,
retreat, retirement; flight, exodus, evacuation, escape:
Terribly embarrassed, they made their exit. The villain's exit
from the stage was marked by catcalls.


--v. 3 go (out or away), (take one's) leave, depart, take or
make one's departure, retire, (beat a) retreat, bid adieu,
withdraw, run, (take a) walk, walk out (on), quit, escape, take
to one's heels, show a clean pair of heels, vanish, disappear,
Colloq take off, skedaddle, kiss goodbye, US cut out; Slang beat
it, US and Canadian take it on the lam, lam (on) out of or from,
take a (run-out) powder: He exited from the party as soon as he
could.

exorbitant
adj. extraordinary, excessive, extravagant, outrageous,
immoderate, extortionate, extreme, unreasonable, inordinate,
disproportionate, unconscionable, preposterous, undue,
unwarranted, unjustifiable, unjustified: The price of petrol in

Britain is exorbitant.

exotic adj. 1 foreign, alien, non-native, imported: She raises exotic
plants. 2 strange, unfamiliar, unusual, bizarre, odd, peculiar,
unique, singular, extraordinary, remarkable, out of the
ordinary, different, outlandish, weird, crazy: His exotic
clothes make him stand out in a crowd. 3 striptease, belly,
go-go, topless, bottomless, nude: Her daughter is an exotic
dancer at the new disco.


expand v. 1 enlarge, spread (out), extend, increase, open (out or up),
swell, inflate, distend; unfold: His waistline began to expand
as he approached middle age. 2 prolong, lengthen, stretch,
dilate: An elastic valve expands easily. 3 increase, extend,
amplify, magnify, broaden, widen, augment, heighten, develop:
The minister sought to expand his influence. 4 Often, expand
on. detail, enlarge on, embellish, develop, amplify, expatiate
on or upon, elaborate (on); flesh out: The speaker expanded on
the topic of health insurance.


expanse n. stretch, extent, area, space, range, sweep, reach, length
and breadth, spread: The vast expanses of space are yet to be
explored.


expansion n. 1 increase, augmentation, development, enlargement,
extension, burgeoning or bourgeoning, flourishing, growth,
spread: How will the company finance its expansion in other
markets? 2 dilatation or dilation, stretching, distension or
distention, inflation, swelling: The animal moves by the
alternate expansion and contraction of the muscle.

expansive adj. 1 expansible or expandable or expandible, inflatable,
dilatable, extensible or extendible or extendable; extending,
expanding, enlarging, spreading, opening or stretching (out):
Increased temperature causes the enlargement of expansive
materials. 2 effusive, open, free, easy, genial, amiable,
friendly, warm, affable, sociable, outgoing, communicative,
outspoken, extrovert(ed) or extravert(ed), talkative,
loquacious, garrulous, frank, unreserved: William became
relaxed, almost expansive over the meal. 3 broad, extensive,
far-reaching, wide-ranging; comprehensive, widespread,
all-embracing, (all-)inclusive: We stood on the edge of an
expansive desert. The company has expansive interests in Europe.


expect v. 1 anticipate, look forward or ahead to, have or keep in
view, await, envisage, watch or look for, wait for, contemplate,
foresee, US envision: She expects to leave. He was expecting
her at noon. 2 assume, presume, suppose, imagine, believe,
think,trust, surmise, conjecture; foresee, US and Canadian
guess: I expect you will be hungry when you return. 3 look
for, want, require, wish, need, demand, reckon on or upon, hope
for, calculate or count on or upon: What did you expect me to
do?

expectant adj. expecting, (a)waiting, ready, eager, apprehensive,
anxious, with bated breath, hopeful, looking, watchful,
anticipating: The understudy waited, expectant, in the wings.


expectation
n. 1 anticipation, confidence, hopefulness, watchfulness,
apprehension, apprehensiveness, expectancy, suspense: There was
an air of expectation in the room. 2 hope, assumption,
presumption, surmise, supposition, belief, conjecture, US and
Canadian guess: Our expectation is that he will come on the
next train. 3 demand, requirement, wish, desire, want,
insistence, reliance: I think your expectations might be too
optimistic. 4 prospects, outlook: He had great expectations
from his rich uncle.

expecting adj. pregnant, gravid, with child, in a family way, enceinte,
Brit in the family way, US in a family way, Colloq in the club,
Brit preggers, Slang US with a bun in the oven: Monica is
expecting and will give birth any day.

expedient adj. 1 suitable, appropriate, fitting, fit, befitting, proper,
apropos, right, correct, meet, pertinent, applicable, practical,
pragmatic, worthwhile, politic: To cross the river, a bridge
would prove expedient. 2 advantageous, beneficial, advisable,
desirable, recommended, useful, practical, utilitarian, prudent,
wise, propitious, opportune, helpful, effective: Count on him
to do what is expedient and ignore what is honest.


--n. 3 device, resource, means, measure, contrivance, resort,
recourse: Life jackets are a useful expedient if the boat
sinks.

expedite v. 1 hasten, rush, hurry, speed or step up, accelerate;
dispatch or despatch: The shipment has been expedited and
should reach you tomorrow. 2 advance, facilitate, promote,
forward, ease, enable: The growing process can be expedited by
adding this chemical.

expedition
n. 1 exploration, journey, voyage, field trip, trip, tour,
excursion; enterprise, undertaking, mission, quest: She went on
an expedition up the Amazon to research herbal medicines. 2
speed, promptness, celerity, alacrity, dispatch or despatch,
haste, rapidity, swiftness, quickness: He was ordered to
complete his chores with expedition.


expeditious
adj. ready, quick, rapid, swift, fast, brisk, speedy, fleet,
efficient, diligent: We made an expeditious passage round Cape
Horn. The problem requires an expeditious solution.


expel v. 1 eject, dislodge, throw or cast out, drive or force out,
evict, put or push out, remove, run (someone) off or out,
displace, dispossess, show the door, suspend, dismiss, let go,
Colloq fire, Brit sack, turf out: They will expel the tenant at
the earliest opportunity. 2 banish, deport, exile, expatriate,
outlaw, maroon; proscribe, ban, bar, debar, dismiss, exclude,
blackball, drum out, cashier, discharge, oust: The leader of
the opposition was expelled from the country. The committee
voted to expel Horace from the club.


expend v. 1 pay out, spend, disburse, use, employ, Slang lay or dish
out, fork or shell out: Reduce the money expended on
entertainment. 2 use up, consume, exhaust, deplete, finish
(off), dissipate, sap, drain: I expended all my energies eking
out a bare living.


expendable
adj. dispensable, disposable, non-essential, inessential or
unessential, unnecessary, replaceable; unimportant,
insignificant: In terms of military strategy, the commando unit
was expendable.

expenditure
n. outlay, outgoings, disbursement, spending, payment, expense,

cost; price, charge, fee: The financial director must closely
examine all expenditures. I cannot justify that kind of
expenditure for a car.


expense n. 1 Often, expenses. payment, costs, outlay, outgoings,
disbursement, expenditure, spending, out-of-pocket (expenses);
cost, price, charge, fee, rate: Keep your expenses to a
minimum. Expenses for travel and entertainment will be
reimbursed by the company. 2 detriment, sacrifice, cost, loss,
impairment, ruin, destruction: They continue to smoke at the
expense of their health.

expensive adj. costly, dear, high-priced, up-market, valuable, precious,
priceless, extravagant; overpriced: Richard and Elizabeth flew
off for an expensive holiday in the sun.

experience
n. 1 knowledge, contact, involvement, practice, familiarity,
acquaintance, exposure; participation, observation: Her book on
nursing is based on personal experience. 2 incident, event,
happening, affair, episode, occurrence, circumstance, adventure,
encounter; trial, test, ordeal: He has lived through some
harrowing experiences. 3 common sense, wisdom, sagacity,
knowledge, know-how, savoir faire, savoir vivre, sophistication,
skill, judgement, Slang savvy: She is a woman of experience.

--v. 4 undergo, live or go through, suffer, endure, sustain,
face, encounter, meet (with), feel, sense, taste, sample, be
familiar with, know: Your problem is that you have never
experienced genuine hunger.

experienced
adj. 1 adept, skilled, skilful, accomplished, practised,
proficient, knowledgeable, knowing, wise, sage, sagacious,
shrewd, prepared, (well-)informed, trained, (well-)versed,
expert, master, masterly, qualified, professional, competent,
efficient, capable, au fait; Slang on the ball, US savvy: She
is an experienced surgeon. 2 mature, seasoned, sophisticated,
battle-scarred, seasoned, veteran; Slang in the know, US savvy:
We need an experienced leader.

experiment
n. 1 test, trial, investigation, inquiry or enquiry,

examination, experimentation, research, proof: Experiment has
shown that the ointment cures many minor skin ailments. 2
procedure, policy: Totalitarianism seems to have failed as a
political experiment.


--v. 3 experiment on or with. test, try, examine, investigate,
research, probe: The time has come to experiment on human
subjects. Artists now experiment with many media, from canvas to
computers.


experimental
adj. 1 hypothetical, theoretical, tentative, speculative,
conjectural, exploratory: Man's first attempts at flying were
purely experimental. 2 empirical, experiential: She has
profound experimental knowledge of what is involved.

expert n. 1 authority, professional, specialist, scholar, master,
connoisseur, pundit, Colloq wizard, whiz, pro, ace, Brit dab
hand, boffin, Slang US maven or mavin: We rely on experts to
verify the age of works of art.

--adj. 2 skilful, skilled, trained, knowledgeable, learned,
experienced, practised, qualified, adept, proficient,
accomplished, au fait, adroit, dexterous, polished, finished,
masterful, masterly, first-rate, excellent, superb, wonderful,
superior, champion(ship), A-one, A-1, virtuoso, Colloq
top-notch, Brit whizzo, wizard, US crackerjack, crack: Davis is
an expert snooker player.


expertise n. expertness, skill, knowledge, know-how, judgement, mastery;
dexterity, adroitness, Slang savvy: You need a great deal of
expertise to be a museum curator.

expiration
n. expiry, finish, (coming to an) end, termination, running
out, ending, conclusion, concluding, close, closing,
discontinuance, discontinuation: The expiration of the option
is in March.


expire v. 1 cease, (come to an) end, close, finish, terminate, run
out, conclude, discontinue: Your subscription expires with the
next issue. 2 die, breathe one's last, decease, perish, pass
away: His grandmother expired only last year, at the age of

110. 3 exhale, breathe out, expel: In the daytime we expire
more carbon dioxide than during the night.

explain v. 1 interpret, define, explicate, detail, delineate, make
plain, simplify, spell out, resolve, get across, clarify, clear
up, elucidate, illustrate, expound, describe, disclose, unfold,
unravel, untangle: The teacher explained the theory so that
even I could understand it. 2 Also, explain away. justify,
account for, excuse, rationalize, legitimate, legitimatize,
extenuate, palliate: You will be required to explain your
absence.

explanation
n. 1 interpretation, definition, explication, delineation,
simplification, resolution, clarification, elucidation,
description, illustration, exposition, account, disclosure;
exegesis, commentary, criticism, analysis: The encyclopedia
contains detailed explanations of how machines work. 2 excuse,
rationalization, justification, vindication: What is your
explanation for such outrageous behaviour? 3 cause, motive,
reason, key, signification, solution: The explanation for
aberrant behaviour often lies in hormonal imbalance.

explanatory
adj. explanative, elucidative, revelatory, interpretive or
interpretative, expository, descriptive; critical, exegetic(al):
Please read the explanatory notes below.

expletive adj. 1 wordy, verbose, prolix, repetitious, redundant,
tautological, iterative, reiterative, pleonastic; unnecessary,
unneeded, needless, unessential, non-essential, gratuitous,
superfluous: Her speech is punctuated by expletive words and
phrases, like 'like, you know', and so forth.


--n. 2 oath, swear-word, curse, obscenity, epithet, Colloq
cuss-word, dirty word, four-letter word: Expletives sometimes
lend an air of naturalness to written dialogue. 3 filler,
padding, redundancy, tautology, pleonasm: Some grammarians term
the 'It' in 'It is raining' an expletive.


explicit adj. 1 specific, categorical, (crystal-)clear, definite,
well-defined, distinct, unambiguous, precise, exact,
unequivocal, express, stated, plain, manifest, unmistakable,

positive, absolute, final, peremptory, unqualified,
unconditional: The children had explicit instructions to keep
away from the canal. 2 open, outspoken, unreserved,
unrestrained, candid, frank, direct, forthright,
straightforward, definite: She was explicit in her orders.

explode v. 1 blow up, burst, blast, fly apart, go off, erupt,
fulminate; set off, detonate: Police exploded the bomb after
clearing the area. Rockets exploded in the night sky. 2 reject,
discredit, refute, repudiate, disprove, debunk, belie, give the
lie to, Slang pick holes in, poke or shoot full of holes:
Ptolemy's geocentric theory has been thoroughly exploded. 3
lose one's temper, rant, rave, rage, storm, throw a tantrum,
Colloq get into a tizzy, blow one's top, fly off the handle, go
through or hit the roof, hit the ceiling; Slang lose one's cool,
go up the wall, US blow one's stack or cool, flip (one's lid),
freak out: He exploded when he learned his car had been smashed
up.


exploit n. 1 achievement, deed, feat, attainment, accomplishment: The
speaker regaled them with tales of his exploits as an explorer.

--v. 2 use, take advantage of, manipulate, make capital out of,
profit from, utilize, turn to account, manoeuvre, work: Far
from being your friends, they are exploiting you for their own
purposes. They need capital to exploit the country's natural
resources.

exploration
n. examination, investigation, search, probe, inquiry or
enquiry, study, research, analysis, review, scrutiny,
inspection, survey, reconnaissance, observation; expedition:
Exploration of the intestine revealed the presence of polyps.
He is noted for his exploration of the sources of the Nile.


explore v. 1 survey, tour, travel, reconnoitre, traverse: They are on
safari, exploring the Congo. 2 investigate, scrutinize,
examine, inquire or enquire into, inspect, probe, search,
research, look into, study, analyse, review, observe: We ought
to explore the possibility of your working for us.

explosion n. 1 blast, bang, report, burst, boom, clap, crack, eruption,
crash, outburst, fulmination; detonation: The explosion shook

the entire house. 2 outburst, outbreak, paroxysm, upheaval,
flare-up, eruption, burst, fit, spasm, tantrum, Colloq Brit
paddy or paddywhack or paddywack, wax: The unrest among the
people is building up to an explosion. 3 increase, burgeoning
or bourgeoning, expansion, welling up, mushrooming: The
population explosion has caused a housing shortage.

explosive adj. 1 volatile, sensitive, delicate, tense, anxious, fraught,
touch-and-go, touchy, inflammable, (highly) charged, unstable,
uncertain, unsound, shaky, hazardous, chancy, unpredictable,
precarious, dangerous, perilous, critical, nasty, ugly, Colloq
dicey, iffy: The explosive situation between the strikers and
management may lead to bloodshed.


--n. 2 dynamite, TNT, gunpowder, gelignite, plastic, plastique:
The car was blown up by a powerful charge of explosive.

expose v. 1 (lay) bare, reveal, uncover, show, exhibit, present,
display, disclose; divulge, unveil, unmask, discover, air,
ventilate, let out, leak, betray, bring to light, make known:
He unbuttoned his shirt, exposing his hairy chest. The facts of
the case will be exposed tomorrow. Will he expose the names of
his accomplices? 2 risk, imperil, endanger, jeopardize, hazard:
Do not expose your house to danger of flooding by building it so
close to the river. 3 expose to. subject to, introduce to,
acquaint with, bring into contact with: Today children are not
taught, but 'exposed to education'.

exposition
n. 1 exhibition, show(ing), presentation, display,
demonstration, US exhibit , Colloq expo: There is a special
exposition of medieval farming implements in the museum. 2
description, declaration, statement, explanation, explication,
clarification, interpretation, exegesis: The exposition of his
argument was remarkably lucid. 3 paper, theme, article, essay,
thesis, dissertation, treatise, disquisition, study, critique,
commentary: She received high marks for her exposition on
Zoroastrianism.


exposure n. 1 baring, uncovering, laying open, unveiling, disclosure,
disclosing, unmasking, revealing, revelation, expos‚, airing,
publication, publishing, communicating, communication, leaking,
leak, divulging: The exposure of the spy was part of the plan.

2 jeopardy, risk, hazard, endangerment, vulnerability,
imperilment; danger, peril: By diversifying your investments,
you reduce your exposure to a loss in just one. 3 familiarity,
knowledge, acquaintance, experience, contact, conversancy: My
exposure to Chinese philosophy has been negligible. 4 aspect,
view, outlook, orientation, frontage; setting, location,
direction: She said that she preferred a bedroom with an
easterly exposure.


express v. 1 articulate, verbalize, phrase, utter, voice, state, word,
put (into words), set or put forth, put or get across,
communicate, depict, portray; say, speak, tell: She expressed
her thoughts on the subject very clearly. 2 show, indicate,
demonstrate, manifest, exhibit, evince, evidence, reveal,
expose, disclose, divulge, make known, intimate, betoken,
signify, embody, depict, designate, denote, convey: His tone of
voice expressed his resentment. 3 symbolize, represent,
signify, stand for, denote, designate: The ratio can be
expressed in the form of a fraction. 4 press or squeeze or
wring or force out, expel, extract: The oil is expressed from
ripe olives.

--adj. 5 explicit, clear, plain, unambiguous, unmistakable,
unqualified, outright, definite, out-and-out, downright,
straightforward, categorical, direct, specific, well-defined,
distinct, precise, accurate, exact, positive: We had an express
understanding not to enter into competition with one another. 6
specific, special, particular, clear-cut; true: Our express
purpose in coming was to see you. 7 quick, speedy, swift, fast,
rapid, prompt, immediate; direct, non-stop: The documents must
be sent by express delivery.

expression
n. 1 verbalization, airing, representation, declaration,
utterance, assertion, enunciation, asseveration, pronouncement,
communication, voicing, announcement: Any expression of
criticism of government is forbidden in many countries. 2
representation, manifestation, sign, token, symbol, show,
demonstration, indication, evidence: A curled lip is an
expression of scorn. 3 look, mien, air, appearance, face,
aspect, countenance: He had long straight hair and a completely
blank expression. Her smile twisted into an expression of
frustration. 4 tone, note, nuance, intonation, accent, touch,

nuance, shading, loudness, softness; expressiveness, emotion,
feeling, sensitivity, passion, spirit, depth, ardour, intensity,
pathos: There was much expression in her playing of the fugue.
5 word, term, phrase, idiom, turn of phrase, locution, saying:
Some find the expression 'Have a nice day' to be irritating. 6
wording, phrasing, phraseology, language, style, diction, usage,
speech, delivery: Writers are not the only ones who should
study effective expression.


expressive
adj. 1 indicative, suggestive, allusive, eloquent, revealing,
meaningful, significant, denotative: Her frown is expressive of
her disapproval. 2 pointed, pithy, explicit: Leave it to him
to make some expressive remark about Frieda's hat. 3 striking,
vivid, telling, pregnant, loaded, forceful, moving, emotional,
poignant, provocative, thought-provoking: His poetry contains
much expressive language.

expressly adv. 1 distinctly, definitely, categorically, explicitly,
absolutely, positively, directly, unambiguously, unequivocally,
unmistakably, plainly, pointedly, exactly, clearly: He
expressly denied the rumour. 2 purposely, especially,
purposefully, particularly, specifically, specially; on purpose:
The gift was intended expressly for you.


expulsion n. expelling, ejection, eviction, repudiation, ouster, removal,
dismissal, discharge; Colloq the (old) heave-ho, Brit the boot,
the sack, sacking, US the bounce: His expulsion from the pub
was accompanied by cheers from the patrons.


exquisite adj. 1 delicate, fine, elegant, graceful, excellent, choice,
well-crafted, well-made, well-executed, refined, elaborate:
They have a collection of exquisite miniature portraits. 2
ingenious, detailed, recherch‚, rare, subtle, deep, abstruse;
far-fetched: He is expert in the exquisite points of seduction.
3 beautiful, perfect, lovely, attractive, handsome, comely,
good-looking; smart, chic, elegant, striking: In her youth, she
was an exquisite blonde goddess. He wore an exquisite silk
costume. 4 acute, sharp, keen, excruciating, agonizing, intense;
elaborate: The most exquisite pain I have known is occasioned
by gout. Spies, subjected to exquisite torture, usually revealed
their secrets. 5 superb, superior, peerless, matchless,
incomparable, unequalled, rare, precious, choice, consummate,

outstanding, superlative, excellent, select, flawless, perfect,
wonderful, splendid, marvellous: She wore a tiara of exquisite
diamonds.


extemporaneous
adj. unstudied, unpremeditated, extempore, extemporary,
impromptu, improvised, spontaneous, unrehearsed, extemporized,
unprepared, unplanned, unscripted, offhand, ad lib, extempore,
Colloq off the cuff: Though extraordinarily well-organized,
Charlotte's speech was entirely extemporaneous.

extend v. 1 stretch or spread (out), outstretch, outspread, open
(out), unroll, unfold; reach, range; carry on, draw out,
continue, develop: The carpet extends from wall to wall. Her
reputation extends worldwide. The city walls extended to the
river. 2 lengthen, elongate, widen, continue; broaden, enlarge,
add to, augment; increase, stretch (out), supplement: We are
planning to extend the sitting-room. They asked the mortgage
company to extend the repayment period. 3 last, stretch,
continue, go or carry on; perpetuate, drag on or out, keep up or
on, prolong: Their visit extended until the following week. 4
offer, proffer, give, present, hold out, stretch forth, tender;
bestow; grant, impart, confer, accord, advance: She extended
her hand. The store does not extend credit to any customers.


extension n. 1 stretching, expansion, increase, enlargement,
augmentation, development, amplification, broadening, widening,
lengthening, spread, spreading: The extension of the plan is
scheduled for next year. 2 range, extensiveness, scope, extent,
magnitude, gauge, compass, sweep, reach, size, volume,
dimension(s), proportions, capacity, span; breadth, width,
height, length, spread, stretch: The extension of the mind
seems almost limitless. 3 addendum, addition, annexe, wing,
adjunct, ell, appendage; appendix, supplement: We have built an
extension to the house.

extensive adj. 1 broad, wide, expansive, far-reaching, far-ranging,
wide-ranging, far-flung, sweeping, widespread, comprehensive,
all-embracing; national, nationwide, international,
intercontinental, cosmopolitan, worldwide, global, universal,
vast; cosmic; catholic: The storm is responsible for extensive
crop damage. He has extensive business connections. 2 large,
big, great, huge, substantial, considerable, sizeable, immense,

enormous, vast, gigantic, massive; voluminous, spacious,
commodious, capacious: The extensive gold deposits were soon
depleted. The cave contains several extensive chambers.


extent n. 1 magnitude, dimensions, compass, size, range, scale, sweep,
scope, expanse, immensity, enormousness, capaciousness,
spaciousness, space, amplitude: The extent of space is
unimaginably vast. 2 limit, bounds, limitation, lengths; range,
scope: To what extent will he go to see justice done? 3 area,
region, tract, territory, compass: In the whole extent of
Europe you could find no better mushroom.

extenuating
adj. mitigating, lessening, tempering, palliating, moderating,
diminishing, qualifying: Owing to extenuating circumstances, he
could not be tried for murder.

exterior adj. 1 outer, outside, external, outward, superficial, surface:
The exterior covering of the capsule becomes very hot on
re-entry into the earth's atmosphere. 2 external, extrinsic,
extraneous, foreign, alien, exotic, outside: The problem can be
overcome without exterior help.

--n. 3 outside, surface, covering, coating, facing, face,
front, skin, shell, fa‡ade: The exterior is of pink stucco.

exterminate
v. destroy, root out, eradicate, extirpate, annihilate,
eliminate, weed out, get rid of, wipe out, obliterate, put an
end to, terminate, liquidate, massacre, murder, kill (off),
butcher, slaughter, Slang bump off, US rub out, waste: It is
his avowed intention to exterminate all the vermin of the
criminal fraternity.


external adj. 1 outer, outside, outward, exterior: This medication is
for external use only. 2 outside, exterior, extrinsic,
extraneous, alien, foreign, exotic: Do not ignore the external
influences on the nation's economy. 3 apparent, visible,
perceptible, superficial, surface: The external features of the
planet barely suggest what lies within.

extinct adj. 1 defunct, dead, died out, gone, departed, vanished:
These are the bones of an extinct species of flying mammal. 2

dated, outmoded, old-fashioned, antiquated, obsolete, archaic,
out of date, antediluvian, ancient, old hat, pass‚, d‚mod‚:
High-button shoes and bustles have been extinct for almost a
century. 3 out, extinguished, quenched, burnt- or put or
snuffed out; inactive, dormant: The lake is in the caldera of
an extinct volcano.

extinguish
v. 1 put or snuff or blow out, quench; turn off or out: We are
landing shortly, so please extinguish all smoking materials.
Extinguish the lights before leaving. 2 kill (off), annihilate,
destroy, obliterate, abolish, exterminate, eliminate, do away
with, nullify, eradicate, remove, banish, wipe or blot out: The
potion contained a drug that extinguished all memory of
unhappiness. 3 obscure, eclipse, dim, outdo, put in the shade,
overshadow, adumbrate, Colloq show up: His personality is
completely extinguished by the dazzle of his wife.

extol v. exalt, elevate, uplift, glorify, praise, laud, applaud,
commend, acclaim, cheer, celebrate, pay tribute or homage to,
sing the praises of, make much of, honour, congratulate,
compliment: William is always extolling the talents of some
dancer or other.


extort v. exact, extract, blackmail, bully, coerce, force, wring,
wrest, Colloq milk, bleed, put the arm on (someone):
Threatening to swear that it was my fault, she extorted a
promise from me to keep silent about the body.


extra adj. 1 additional, added, auxiliary, accessory, supplementary,
supplemental, further, ancillary, subsidiary, collateral,
adventitious: We had an extra person for dinner. Zenobia has an
extra toe on each foot. 2 leftover, excess, spare, surplus,
unused, superfluous, supernumerary, reserve: After all were
served, we had two extra desserts.

--n. 3 addition, addendum, accessory, appurtenance, supplement,
bonus, premium, dividend: As an extra, each customer receives a
free ball-point pen. 4 supplement, US mark-up, surcharge, Slang
US and Canadian kicker: There is an extra if you want bread and
butter. 5 supernumerary, walk-on, Colloq super, spear-carrier:
One could scarcely call being an extra a 'Hollywood career'.

--adv. 6 uncommonly, unusually, exceptionally, unexpectedly,
extraordinarily, remarkably, notably, surprisingly, amazingly,
very, particularly, especially, extremely, strikingly: Teacher
said that Philip was extra good today. 7 additionally, again,
more, in addition: They charge extra for room service.

extract v. 1 draw or pull (out), remove, withdraw, pluck or take out,
draw forth, extricate: The dentist extracted two teeth. I
extracted some important papers from your waste-paper basket. 2
draw, derive, deduce, develop, glean, extricate, distil, get,
obtain: I could extract little sense from her ramblings. 3
wrench, wring, wrest, extort, draw (forth), evoke, elicit,
extricate, winkle out, worm (out), prise (out), force (out):
Using torture, they finally extracted a confession from him. She
extracted money from her victims by threatening to tell their
wives. 4 copy, quote, cite, abstract, select, choose, glean,
cull: We extracted useful material from some old encyclopedias.

--n. 5 concentrate, distillate, essence, distillation,
quintessence, concentration, extraction, decoction: We boiled
off the water and used the extract as a salve. 6 excerpt,
abstract, quotation, citation, clipping, cutting, passage,
selection: Extracts from other works are printed in smaller
type.


extraction
n. 1 removal, extrication, withdrawal, uprooting, eradication,
extirpation, deracination: The extraction of my tooth was
completely painless. 2 extract, concentrate, distillate,
essence, distillation, quintessence, concentration, decoction,
separation, derivation: This syrup is an extraction from coffee
beans. 3 origin, birth, ancestry, descent, lineage, derivation,
blood, parentage, breed, strain, race, stock, pedigree: The
family is of Scandinavian extraction.


extraneous
adj. 1 unessential, non-essential, inessential, peripheral,
superfluous, unnecessary, unneeded, extra, added, additional,
adventitious, supernumerary, incidental, needless: Filter out
all the extraneous substances. 2 not pertinent, impertinent,
inapplicable, inapt, unapt, unfitting, inappropriate, unrelated,
irrelevant, inapposite, unconnected, remote, alien, foreign,
exotic, strange, outlandish, external, extrinsic, external, out

of place, off the mark or point or subject, beside the point or
mark: Why must you constantly bring up extraneous matters?

extraordinary
adj. 1 unusual, uncommon, remarkable, exceptional, particular,
outstanding, special, rare, unique, singular, signal,
unheard-of, curious, peculiar, odd, bizarre, queer, strange,
abnormal, unprecedented, unparalleled: She showed extraordinary
courage in coming here. 2 amazing, surprising, astonishing,
astounding, remarkable, notable, noteworthy, marvellous,
fantastic, incredible, unbelievable, impressive, fabulous,
miraculous, unparalleled, Colloq super, smashing, lovely,
gorgeous, Slang far-out, unreal: This is an extraordinary
example of the bookbinder's art.


extravagance
n. 1 wastefulness, waste, lavishness, profligacy, prodigality,
squandering, dissipation, improvidence, exorbitance,
recklessness, overspending, excess: Our present debts are the
result of extravagance. 2 immoderation, immoderateness,
excessiveness, outrageousness, unrestraint, superfluity,
superfluousness, over-sufficiency, preposterousness,
unreasonableness, irrationality, absurdity; capriciousness,
whim, fantasy, flightiness: His tawdry life belied the
extravagance of his dreams.

extravagant
adj. 1 wasteful, lavish, profligate, prodigal, improvident,
reckless, excessive, spendthrift, profuse, extreme, immoderate:
She cannot afford to maintain her extravagant way of life for
long. 2 unrestrained, uncontained, wild, outrageous,
preposterous, immoderate, ridiculous, foolish, fanciful,
unreasonable, absurd, impractical; undeserved, unjustified,
unjustifiable: The speaker lavished extravagant praise on the
award winners. 3 expensive, costly, extortionate, unreasonable,
overpriced, exorbitant, high; dear; Colloq steep: That trip to
Istanbul by private jet was extravagant to say the least. 4
gaudy, garish, ostentatious, showy, ornate, flashy, loud,
flamboyant; exaggerated, high-sounding: She appears at parties
wearing the most extravagant costumes.

extravaganza
n. spectacular, spectacle, pageant, production, show,

exposition: An extravaganza was staged to celebrate the opening
of the Channel Tunnel.

extreme adj. 1 unusual, uncommon, exceptional, outstanding, notable,
noteworthy, abnormal, different, extraordinary, remarkable: We
experienced extreme difficulty driving home. 2 immoderate,
excessive, severe, intense, acute, maximum, worst: This
equipment is made to withstand extreme arctic conditions. 3
outermost, endmost, farthest, ultimate, utmost, uttermost,
remotest, last, far-off, far-away, distant, very: She walked to
the extreme end of the pier. 4 rigid, stern, severe, strict,
conservative, hidebound, stiff, stringent, restrictive,
constrictive, uncompromising, Draconian, harsh, drastic:
Grandfather favoured taking extreme measures against terrorists.
5 unconventional, radical, outrageous, wild, weird, bizarre,
queer, outrageous, offbeat, exotic, eccentric, different, outr‚,
Slang far-out, way-out, US and Canadian kooky: I find your
outfit too extreme to wear in public. 6 beyond the pale or
limits or bounds, extravagant, inordinate, excessive,
disproportionate, outrageous: Because of your extreme
behaviour, you will be confined to the house for a week.

--n. 7 Often, extremes. limit(s), bounds, utmost, maximum,
Colloq swing: Try to be more moderate and to avoid extremes. 8
Often, go to extremes. limit(s), bounds, maximum, acme, zenith,
pinnacle, summit, height, apex, apogee, peak, extremity; depth,
nadir: Thea's moods varied between the extremes of joy and
grief. 9 in the extreme. extremely, very, exceptionally,
exceedingly, extraordinarily, unusually: His table manners are
rude in the extreme.

extremely adv. very, exceedingly, outrageously, extraordinarily,
unusually, uncommonly, exceptionally, damned, hellishly, to the
nth degree, Colloq Brit bloody, US darned: The service was
extremely bad. They are extremely stupid.

extremity n. 1 end, termination, limit, edge, boundary, bound, border,
margin; periphery; frontier: A fence marks the eastern
extremity of our land. 2 extremities. fingers, fingertips,
toes; hands, feet; arms, legs, limbs; paws, trotters, hooves,
wings: His extremities were numb with frostbite. 3 extreme,
utmost, maximum, limit(s), bounds: The situation tested the
extremity of my patience. They were driven to extremities in

their search for food.

extricate v. unravel, disentangle, untangle, disengage, (set) free, turn
loose, release, liberate, rescue, save, deliver: You helped
extricate me from a terrible predicament.

extrinsic adj. external, extraneous, irrelevant, exterior, unrelated,
outside; outer, outward: Such extrinsic factors may be excluded
from the discussion.


exuberance
n. 1 cheerfulness, joy, joyfulness, ebullience, effervescence,
exhilaration, buoyancy, animation, spirit, spiritedness,
sprightliness, liveliness, vitality, vivacity, enthusiasm,
excitement, zeal, zest, energy, vigour: It is hard to imagine
the dog's exuberance when he saw his master. 2 abundance,
lavishness, effusiveness, flamboyance, copiousness,
superabundance, superfluity, excess, profusion, prodigality,
bounteousness, bountifulness: Everything attests to the
exuberance of the author's genius.

exuberant adj. 1 cheerful, joyful, ebullient, effervescent, buoyant,
animated, spirited, spry, sprightly, lively, vivacious,
enthusiastic, zealous, energetic, vigorous: She enjoys
exuberant good health. 2 happy, glad, delighted, overjoyed,
joyful, ecstatic, Brit in the seventh heaven, US in seventh
heaven, Colloq on cloud nine: She was exuberant at the news of
Lyle's return.


exult v. rejoice, revel, glory (in), jump for joy, delight,
celebrate, make merry: We exulted in our new-found freedom.

exultant adj. delighted, jubilant, overjoyed, elated, joyful, gleeful,
glad, ecstatic, exuberant, in seventh heaven, cock-a-hoop,
Colloq on cloud nine, Brit over the moon: We were exultant to
learn that the war was over.

5.20 eye...
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eye n. 1 eyeball, orb, Colloq optic: The eye of the eagle is
nearly as large as that of an elephant. 2 vision, (eye)sight,

visual acuity, perception: Her eyes are weakened by so much
reading. 3 discernment, perception, taste, judgement,
discrimination, percipience, perspicacity, appreciation,
sensitivity; knowledge, recognition, comprehension: Shirley has
a good eye for Chinese antiques. Walmsley has the eye of an
artist. 4 liking, affection, fondness, partiality, appreciation;
lustfulness: Old Bisley still has an eye for the girls. 5
ogle, leer, look, wink, glad eye, sidelong glance: The barmaid
gave me the eye as soon as I walked in. 6 view, respect,
regard, aim, intention, purpose, design, plan, idea, notion: He
lent me the money with an eye to asking a favour in return. 7
attention, regard, look, scrutiny, view, examination,
observation; supervision: All our comings and goings were under
the watchful eye of Scotland Yard. 8 guard, lookout, watch,
vigil: The class monitor is expected to keep an eye on the
younger children.

--v. 9 examine, scrutinize, look at, regard: My future
mother-in-law eyed me up and down. 10 behold, gaze or look or
peer at or upon, contemplate, study, regard, view, inspect;
watch, observe: The doctor eyed the wound with concern.

eyewitness
n. witness, observer, spectator, viewer, watcher; bystander,
onlooker, passer-by: The police sought eyewitnesses to the
accident.