11.1 keen...
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keenฐ adj. 1 enthusiastic, avid, zealous, devoted, ardent, fervent,
fervid, earnest, impassioned, passionate, intense, active; agog,
eager, itching, anxious: They are keen fans of TV soap operas.
I was keen to go swimming. 2 sharp, sharpened, razor-sharp,
razor-like, knife-edged; trenchant, incisive, cutting,
rapier-like, pointed, mordant, acid, vitriolic, acerbic,
astringent, biting, acrid, acrimonious, stinging, scorching,
caustic, searing, withering, virulent, pungent, sarcastic,
sardonic: This axe is very keen, so be careful. With his keen
wit, the playwright answered his severest critics. His play is a
keen satire on the government. 3 painful, bitter, acute,
poignant, fierce, grievous, severe, distressing, distressful,
strong, deep, profound, intense, extreme, heartfelt: She felt
keen resentment at the way she had been treated. 4 vivid,
detailed, specific, unmistaken, unmistakable or unmistakeable,
distinct: He has a keen recollection of seeing the suspect on
the bus. 5 sharp, acute, sensitive, penetrating,
discriminating, fine: The bloodhound has an extremely keen
sense of smell. 6 intelligent, sharp, acute, perceptive,
perspicacious, percipient, sensitive, discerning, astute, smart,
bright, discriminating, discriminative, quick(-witted), shrewd,
clever, canny, cunning, crafty, wise: Philip has a keen
understanding of what is required of him. 7 keen on or about.
fond of, enamoured of, devoted to, interested in: Alan is
almost as keen on Mary as on his stamp collection.
keen v. 1 weep, wail, moan, lament, mourn, grieve; bewail, bemoan:
Finnegan's widow still keens over him.
--n. 2 dirge, elegy, knell, lament, lamentation, Requiem,
monody, threnody, thanatopsis, epicedium , Scots and Irish
coronach: The keens could be heard throughout the
neighbourhood.
keep v. 1 retain, hold, hang on to, preserve, conserve, have, save,
maintain, control: The difficulty is not in making money but in
keeping it. 2 hold, have, take care or charge of, mind, tend,
care for, look after, guard, keep an eye on, watch over,
protect, safeguard; maintain, feed, nourish, victual, board,
nurture, provide for, provision: Would you keep this parcel for
me until I return? They keep chickens and ducks. 3 accumulate,
save (up), amass, hoard (up), husband, retain, preserve, put or
stow away: My brother has kept all the toys he ever had. 4
maintain, store, preserve: I keep woollen things in a cedar
chest. 5 Often, keep on or at. continue, carry on, persist
(in), persevere (in); prolong, sustain: How did you keep going
after Elsa's death? She kept at it all night long. Keep on
working till I tell you to stop. 6 keep to, abide by, follow,
obey, mind, adhere to, attend to, pay attention to, heed,
regard, observe, respect, acknowledge, defer to, accede (to),
agree (to): Only a stickler would keep the letter of such a
law. 7 stay, remain: Keep off the grass. Keep to the left. 8
support, finance, provide for, subsidize, maintain: He kept a
mistress in Chelsea. 9 confine, detain; imprison, incarcerate,
jail or Brit also gaol: The police have kept him overnight. 10
celebrate, observe, solemnize, memorialize, commemorate: We
always kept Easter at my mother's house in the country. 11
last, be preserved, survive, stand up, stay fresh: Eggs keep
longer in the refrigerator. 12 harbour, maintain, safeguard,
keep dark: Can you keep a secret? 13 keep from. prevent, keep
or hold back, restrain, (hold in) check, restrict, prohibit,
forbid, inhibit, disallow, block, obstruct, deny, curb, deter,
discourage: How can I keep my plants from dying while I'm away?
14 keep in. a keep or hold back, repress, suppress, stifle,
smother, muzzle, bottle up, withhold, conceal, hide, shroud,
mask, camouflage: She keeps in her true feelings. He could
hardly keep in the tears. b confine, shut in or up, coop up,
detain; fence in: Keith thought the teacher kept him in after
school because she liked him.
--n. 15 upkeep, maintenance, support, room and board,
subsistence, food, sustenance, living: He works hard to earn
his keep. 16 donjon, tower, dungeon: He was imprisoned in the
keep of the castle for twenty years.
keeper n. custodian, guardian, guard, warden, caretaker; warder,
nurse, attendant, Brit minder: The keepers are very strict
about not letting people feed the animals. How come they let you
out without your keeper?
keepsake n. memento, souvenir, token, reminder, remembrance, relic: The
locket is a keepsake from those happy days in Antibes.
keg n. cask, barrel, butt, hogshead, tun, puncheon: We bought a
keg of beer for the party.
kernel n. 1 grain, seed, pip, stone; nut, meat, US nut-meat: Try to
extract the walnut kernel without breaking it. 2 centre, core,
nucleus, heart, essence, quintessence, substance, gist, pith,
nub, quiddity: Let's get down to the kernel of the problem.
key n. 1 latchkey, skeleton key, passkey, opener: Have you lost
your car keys again? You will need a key to open the air valve
on the radiator. 2 clue, cue, guide, indication, indicator,
explanation: The key to his behaviour can probably be found in
the way his mother treated him in his childhood. 3 pitch, tone,
timbre, level, tonality, frequency: The song was originally
written in the key of C. 4 legend, explanation, description,
explication, clarification, translation: A key to the symbols
appears on every other page. 5 mood, tenor, tone, humour,
style: In this passage there is a change to a more sombre key.
--adj. 6 important, essential, vital, necessary, crucial,
critical, main, pivotal: Automatic reversal is a key feature of
this cassette player. Roderick is a key man in the company.
keystone n. necessity, crux, linchpin, basis, principle, foundation,
cornerstone: Predestination was the keystone of his religion.
11.2 kick...
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kick v. 1 boot, punt: The basic aim in soccer is to kick the ball
into the back of the net. 2 recoil, backlash, rebound: The
shotgun kicked when I fired it.
--n. 3 punt, drop-kick: His kick sent the ball down the field.
4 recoil, backlash, rebound: That gun has quite a kick!
kickback n. rebate, refund, share, compensation, commission, percentage,
reward; bribe, pay-off, Colloq chiefly US payola, US plugola:
We get a kickback on every computer sold. Some disc jockeys were
accepting kickbacks for playing particular records.
kidnap v. abduct, capture, seize, carry off, Slang snatch: He was
kidnapped by guerrillas and held prisoner for over two years.
kill v. 1 execute, slay, murder, assassinate, do away with, put to
death, cause the death of, liquidate, dispatch or despatch, take
(someone's) life, finish (off), put an end to, write 'finis' to,
silence, kill off, administer the coup de grƒce, eliminate, put
(someone) out of (his or her) misery, exterminate, extinguish,
obliterate, eradicate, destroy, annihilate, massacre, slaughter,
decimate, butcher, (of animals) put down, put to sleep, Slang do
in, bump or knock off, hit, polish off, snuff (out), take for a
ride, US waste, rub out, ice, fit with concrete overshoes or a
wooden kimono: He was the third police officer to be killed
this year. 2 destroy, ruin, devastate, ravage, wreak or work
havoc (up)on, kill off: The entire orange crop was killed by
the sudden frost. 3 muffle, neutralize, deaden, damp, silence,
nullify, dull, absorb, smother, stifle, suppress, still: This
padding should kill the noise of the motor. 4 exhaust, tire
(out), fatigue, weary, Colloq fag (out): Pushing that mower all
day nearly killed me. 5 hurt, pain, torment, torture: These
shoes are killing me. 6 quash, suppress, defeat, veto, cancel:
The tobacco interests campaigned to kill the bill to ban smoking
in public places. 7 consume, use up, spend, while away, occupy,
fill, pass, idle: While waiting, I killed time doing a
crossword puzzle.
--n. 8 game, prey; quarry: The lioness allowed her cubs to eat
part of the kill. 9 death, killing, end, finish, deathblow,
coup de grƒce; termination, denouement or d‚nouement,
conclusion: She wants to be in at the kill.
killer n. 1 murderer, assassin, slayer, cutthroat, butcher,
exterminator, Bluebeard, (Jack the) ripper, Slang US torpedo,
hit man, triggerman, gunsel, hooligan, gunfighter, iceman,
hatchet man: What are the statistics on the number of killers
who are not caught? 2 Slang old-fashioned bee's knees, US
humdinger, doozy, killer-diller (from Manila), lallapalooza or
lollapalooza, lulu, daisy, dilly: The new show at the Odeon is
a killer.
killing n. 1 murder, carnage, butchery, execution, slaughter,
bloodshed, death, massacre, genocide, liquidation, mass murder
or destruction, decimation, extermination, blood bath,
manslaughter; slaying, homicide, fatality: The killing of
dissidents must stop. There has been another killing in the
park. 2 coup, bonanza, success, windfall, stroke of luck, gain,
profit, Colloq Brit bomb: They've made a killing on the Stock
Exchange.
--adj. 3 devastating, ruinous, destructive, punishing,
exhausting, debilitating, fatiguing, tiring, enervating,
difficult, arduous: How can you keep up the killing pace of
having two jobs?
killjoy n. spoilsport, damper, dampener, grouch, grump, malcontent,
pessimist, cynic, prophet of doom, Cassandra, Colloq wet
blanket, sourpuss, US party pooper, gloomy Gus, picklepuss: Go
to the dance and stop being such a killjoy!
kin n. 1 family, relative(s), relation(s), kindred, kinsfolk or US
and Canadian kinfolk, kinsman, kinswoman, stock, clan,
blood-relation(s), blood-relative(s): We might have the same
name, but he's no kin of mine. Grandmother says that too many
people are thoughtless of their kin these days.
--adj. 2 related, akin (to), kindred, consanguineous,
consanguine, cognate, agnate: One often forgets that all men
are kin.
kindฐ adj. friendly, kindly, nice, congenial, affable, approachable,
amiable, obliging, accommodating, amicable, well-disposed,
courteous, good, good-natured, benevolent, well-meaning,
well-wishing, thoughtful, well-intentioned, generous,
big-hearted, humanitarian, charitable, philanthropic, gentle,
understanding, sympathetic, considerate, lenient, tolerant,
indulgent, compassionate, kind-hearted, gracious, warm,
warm-hearted, cordial, tender-hearted, affectionate: It was
kind of you to stop and help us. I never thought of him as a
kind man.
kind n. 1 sort, type, variety, style, genre, species, class, breed;
brand, make: What kind of tree is the cypress? Do we always
have to have the same kind of breakfast cereal? 2 nature,
character, manner, description, sort, persuasion, stripe,
feather, kidney: What kind of person is she? Today's students
are of a totally different kind.
kindle v. ignite, light, set alight, set fire to, set afire, inflame,
fire, foment, incite, instigate, provoke, prompt, prick, goad,
spur, whip up, stir (up), work up, excite, agitate, shake up,
jolt, arouse, rouse, (a)waken, inspire, inspirit, stimulate,
animate, enliven, energize, innervate, galvanize: Kindling a
fire in the rain is not easy. The wholesale pillaging kindled a
feeling of deep resentment among the native population.
kindly adj. 1 See kind.
--adv. 2 cordially, graciously, obligingly, amiably, amicably,
politely, genially, courteously, thoughtfully, considerately,
hospitably, agreeably, pleasantly: He very kindly invited me in
for a cup of tea. 3 please, be so kind as to, be good enough
to: Would you kindly pass the salt?
kindness n. 1 friendliness, kind-heartedness, warm-heartedness,
graciousness, goodness, good-naturedness, good-heartedness, good
will, benevolence, benignity, humaneness, humanity, decency,
tenderness, gentleness, kindliness, charity, charitableness,
generosity, philanthropy, beneficence, compassion, sympathy,
understanding, thoughtfulness, consideration, cordiality,
hospitality, warmth, geniality, indulgence, tolerance, patience:
We shall always appreciate the kindness shown to us by our hosts
during our visit. 2 favour, good deed or turn, service, act of
kindness; generosity, assistance, aid: She did me a great
kindness in introducing me to you. How can I repay your
kindness?
kindred adj. 1 close, associated, united, allied, analogous, like,
similar, matching, parallel, common, related; akin: Because we
both like sports, Samantha's interests are kindred to mine. 2
related, consanguineous, consanguine, cognate, agnate:
Linguists regard the Romance languages as kindred tongues.
--n. 3 See kin, 1.
king n. prince, crowned head, majesty, sovereign, monarch, ruler,
regent, Colloq Brit royal: In former times, the king had power
of life and death over his subjects.
kingdom n. 1 realm, empire, sovereignty, principality, monarchy: He
sought a suitable wife throughout the kingdom. 2 field, area,
domain, province, sphere (of influence), territory, bailiwick,
Colloq turf: The operating theatre is the surgeon's kingdom.
kink n. 1 twist, crimp, tangle, knot, wrinkle, curl, coil, curlicue,
crinkle: Those kinks wouldn't occur if you had coiled the rope
properly. 2 pang, twinge, stab, spasm, cramp, stitch, tweak,
crick: I have a kink in my neck from constantly looking down.
3 difficulty, complication, flaw, hitch, snag, defect,
imperfection, distortion, deformity: There were several kinks
that had to be ironed out before the plan was presented to the
board. 4 crotchet, quirk, whim, caprice, fancy, vagary,
eccentricity, idiosyncrasy: He would win more support if he rid
himself of certain kinks in his thinking.
kinky adj. 1 outlandish, peculiar, odd, queer, quirky, bizarre,
crotchety, eccentric, strange, idiosyncratic, different,
offbeat, unorthodox, capricious, irregular, erratic,
unconventional, unique, freakish, weird, fantastic, whimsical:
This school is not interested in kinky notions of education. 2
perverted, unnatural, deviant, degenerate, warped, abnormal,
depraved: There is a rumour that they engage in kinky sex. 3
crisp, frizzy, frizzed, frizzled, curly, crimped, wiry; knotted,
tangled, twisted: He has kinky red hair.
kinship n. 1 consanguinity, (blood) relationship, (family) ties,
(common) descent, lineage, flesh and blood: At that time,
several of the royal houses of Europe were connected by kinship.
2 connection, correspondence, parallelism, relationship,
similarity, association, agreement, alliance; affinity: There
is a clear kinship among the Germanic languages. She felt a
kinship with other adopted children.
kiss v. 1 osculate, peck, Colloq smack, smooch, neck, Old-fashioned
spoon, canoodle: I kissed her on the cheek. A young couple were
kissing on the park bench. 2 touch, brush, graze: The cue-ball
barely kissed the black, toppling it into the pocket. 3 kiss
goodbye. bid adieu, say farewell to, give up, relinquish,
abandon, forsake, desert, renounce, repudiate, forget (about),
dismiss, disregard, ignore: With those marks, you can kiss
goodbye to any thought of winning a scholarship.
--n. 4 osculation, peck, Colloq smack, smooch, US and Canadian
buss, Slang Brit smacker: He ran over and gave me a big hug and
a kiss.
kit n. apparatus, gear, equipment, paraphernalia, appurtenances,
rig, accoutrements or US also accouterments, tackle, trappings,
supplies, furnishings; instruments, tools, utensils, implements:
Did you bring your tennis kit? The model aeroplanes were built
from kits. The plumber left his tool kit behind.
kitchen n. kitchenette, cookhouse; scullery, pantry, larder; Nautical
galley, Brit caboose: He was in the kitchen getting dinner
ready.
kittenish adj. coy, seductive, flirtatious, coquettish, sportive,
playful: Barbara tends to get a bit kittenish when she's with
men.
kitty n. pot, pool, collection: Has he contributed anything to the
kitty?
11.3 knack...
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knack n. genius, intuition, talent, gift, talent, facility, skill,
aptitude, bent; ability, flair, dexterity, capacity, adroitness,
proficiency, skilfulness: He has an uncanny knack for saying
the wrong thing. When it comes to gourmet cooking, Peggy
certainly has the knack.
knife n. 1 blade: This knife couldn't cut through warm butter.
--v. 2 stab, pierce, slash, cut, wound: There was a struggle,
and one youth was knifed in the chest.
knit v. 1 join or fasten or weave (together), interweave, interlace,
interconnect, intertwine, link, bind, unite, tie (up or
together), consolidate, combine, compact: He was the first king
to succeed in knitting together the diverse elements of the
empire. 2 grow (together), heal, mend, join: The broken bones
will knit in about a month. 3 furrow, contract, wrinkle, knot,
crease: He knit his brow and sighed.
knob n. boss, stud, protuberance, projection, protrusion, handle:
Turn the knob, then pull the drawer open.
knock v. 1 strike, hit, rap, thwack, whack, thump, bang, tap: Knock
on the door. He knocked the man on the head with his
walking-stick. 2 Colloq criticize, deprecate, carp or cavil at,
disparage, put down, run down: Don't knock something till
you've tried it. 3 knock about or around. a wander, roam,
ramble, rove, travel, gad about: She's going to knock about the
world for a bit before settling down. b associate with, consort
with: He was only knocking about with some of the boys. c
discuss, debate, talk over, Colloq kick about or around: I have
a business proposition that I want to knock around with you. d
beat (up), maltreat, mistreat, maul, manhandle, batter, abuse,
hit, strike: He's been known to knock his wife about. 4 knock
down. a raze, demolish, destroy, level, wreck, lay in ruins,
throw or pull down: They knocked down those beautiful old
houses and erected an ugly office block in their place. b fell,
floor, cut down: As soon as he got up, McCloskey knocked him
down again. 5 knock off. Colloq a stop work(ing), quit, go
home, clock off or out, terminate, lock up, close down: I think
I'll knock off for a few hours' rest. b steal, pilfer, thieve,
rob, Colloq lift, Brit pinch, Slang Brit nick, US knock over:
Two men in balaclavas knocked off the bank in the High Street.
c See kill, 1. d make quick or short work of, complete, finish,
bring to an end, Colloq polish off: He knocked off that book in
a week. e US copy, imitate: They knock off expensive items,
then sell them for much less than the originals. 6 knock out. a
knock or render unconscious, floor, prostrate, trounce, whip,
Slang flatten, K.O. or kayo: The smart money says that the
challenger will knock out the champion in the third round. b
overwhelm, overcome, daze, stagger, astound, astonish, bewilder,
stun, Colloq bowl over, blow (someone's) mind, Slang Brit knock
for six: She'll really knock them out in that dress! 7 knock
up. a knock or put together, improvise: I think I can knock up
something quickly that will pass muster. b arouse, (a)waken,
wake up: They knocked me up at dawn to go to work. c Slang
impregnate, get with child, make pregnant: Her boyfriend
knocked her up and then refused to marry her.
--n. 8 blow, rap, tap, thump, pounding, hammering: I was woken
by a knock on the wall from my neighbour. 9 blow, punch, jab,
smack, thwack, whack, right, left, cuff, Colloq clout, bop,
biff, conk: He gave me a knock on the nose, and it started to
bleed. 10 slap (in the face), censure, criticism, condemnation,
slur, insult: My latest novel took quite a few knocks from the
reviewers.
knock-off n. Colloq US imitation, copy, simulation, replica, facsimile,
duplication: This cheap knock-off of a œ1000 watch is selling
for œ50.
knockout n. 1 coup de grƒce, Slang K.O., kayo: Carnera won by a
knockout in the first round. 2 success, sensation, triumph,
Colloq hit, winner, smash, smash hit, stunner: She looks a
knockout with her new hairstyle.
knoll n. hillock, hummock, mound, barrow, hill, elevation, rise: We
climbed to the top of the knoll where we had a better view of
the house.
knot n. 1 snarl, gnarl, tangle; tie, bond: I cannot loosen this
knot. 2 collection, assemblage, aggregation, congregation,
crowd, cluster, bunch, gathering, company, band, gang, crowd,
throng: A small knot of people were standing in front of my
painting.
--v. 3 fasten, tie, bind, secure, lash, tether, affix, fix,
attach: I knotted the rope around his neck.
know v. 1 understand, comprehend, be familiar with, grasp, be
acquainted with, be versed or skilled in: Do you know anything
about nuclear physics? I know Italian fairly well. She knows how
to dance the tango. 2 recognize, identify, recall, remember,
recollect: I know him from somewhere. 3 be sure or certain or
positive: I knew I was right! I just know I'm going to win the
first prize. 4 distinguish, separate, discern, differentiate,
recognize, identify: Charles doesn't know right from wrong. 5
be aware or conscious or cognizant of, be informed or advised
of, have knowledge of: He knows that he cannot fire her because
she knows too much.
knowing adj. 1 conspiratorial or conspiratory, secret, private;
significant, meaningful, eloquent, expressive; shrewd, canny,
artful, sly, wily, crafty: She gave him a knowing wink. 2
wise, clever, shrewd, (well-)informed, knowledgeable or
knowledgable, aware, expert, qualified, astute, perceptive,
intelligent, sagacious: Harold is quite knowing about horses,
why not ask him?
knowledge n. 1 knowing, awareness, apprehension, cognition, grasp,
understanding, discernment, consciousness, conception, insight:
Miles's knowledge of history is extensive. 2 facts,
information, data, intelligence: They had no knowledge of any
defections to the enemy. 3 acquaintance, acquaintanceship,
familiarity, appreciation, conversance, expertise, experience,
adeptness, proficiency: Has he any knowledge of their work on
the DNA molecule? 4 schooling, education, scholarship,
instruction, learning, erudition: A little knowledge is a
dangerous thing.
knowledgeable
adj. 1 knowledgable, aware, au fait, au courant, up to date,
(well-)informed, (well-)acquainted, cognizant, familiar,
enlightened, expert, knowing, Colloq in the know: She is
knowledgeable about events in eastern Europe. 2 well-educated,
erudite, learned, cultured, well-read, intelligent,
sophisticated, worldly, wise, sage, sagacious: Professor Evans
is one of the most knowledgeable people I have ever met.
11.4 kowtow
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kowtow v. Often, kowtow to. genuflect (before), salaam (to), prostrate
oneself (before), bow (down) (to or before), pay court to,
scrape before, cringe before, fawn (before), grovel (before),
toady ((up) to), pander to, truckle ((up) to), dance attendance
on, Colloq butter up, Slang suck up to, play up to, shine up to,
Taboo slang US brown-nose: He kowtows to anyone who he thinks
may be of use to him.
11.5 kudos
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kudos n. praise, acclaim, glory, fame, renown, honour, plaudits,
applause, laudation, acclamation, accolade: They got a lot of
kudos out of funding a new opera-house.
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